MH 


Makers 


▲  ik  ▲ 


A.   A.  Jk 


Georgia's 


NAME  AND  FAME 


WHITEHEAD 


ipnmh 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
AT   LOS  ANGELES 


ifiittriaari^ 


^g^S^^^U;^ 


''^^/^ 


MAKERS  OF 
GEORGIA'S   NAME 


AND   FAME 


BY 


A.  C.  WHITEHEAD,  A.M. 

English  and  History,  Boys'  High  School,  Atlanta,  Ga. 


EDUCATIONAL   PUBLISHING   COMPANY 

BOSTON 

New  York  Chicago  San  Francisco 


Copyright,  1913 

BY 

EDUCATIONAL   PUBLISHING    COMPANY 


^ 


\A/52>)o-) 


i  PREFACE 

\j      This  book  is  meant  as  a  supplementary  reader  for  children 

of  the  Third  and  Fourth  Grades  in  Georgia  schools.     It  is 

vi    not  intended  as  a  history  to  take  the  place  of  any  other 

eo    book  previously  before  the  educational  public  of  the  state. 

,.>•        By  means  of  interesting  stories  and  characteristic  inci- 

jg    dents,  the  book  makes  an  effort  to  acquaint  Georgia  chil- 

S    dren  with  the  greater  number  of  the  men  whose   names 

adorn  the  pages  of  our  state  history.    It  thus  proposes  in 

some  measure  to  prepare  children  who  read  it  for  the  study 

of  Georgia  history  proper.    The  author  dares  to  hope  that 

our  Georgia  boys  and  girls  will  gain  much  encouragement 

and  inspiration  from  the  examples  of  the  heroes  whose 

unselfish  and  noble  deeds  are  herein  retold. 

The  poem  which  graces  the  first  pages  was  written  es- 
pecially for  this  book  by  one  of  Georgia's  sweetest  singers, 
3  Charles  W.  Hubner,  of  the  Carnegie  Library,  Atlanta. 
03  Dr.  H.  J.  Gaertner,  of  the  Normal  and  Industrial  College 
2  at  Milledgeville,  has  graciously  permitted  the  use  of  his 
2     poem,    "Georgia."    To   both   of   these   gentlemen    thanks 

^     are  due. 

A.   C.  W. 
Atlanta,  Georgia 


443*^27 


CONTENTS 


To  the  Children  of  Georgia     .... 

The  Man  Who  Wanted  Gold       .        .        .        . 

"  No  Pearls  for  Juan  Terron  " 

The  Man  for  Whom  Georgia  was  Named   . 

The  Man  Who  Forgot  His  Debts  . 

The  Man  Who  Settled  Georgia  .... 

How  Oglethorpe  Settled  Georgia    . 

A  Georgia  King 

A  Georgia  Prince  

Oglethorpe's  People  and  the  Georgia  Alligators 

The  Chief  Who  had  Dreams    .... 

The  Man  Who  Loved  Children    . 

Some  Liberty  Boys       .... 

The  Boy  Who  Studied  by  Pine  Knots 

The  People's  First  Governor 

"Come  and  Take  It" 

How  Seven  Captured  One  Hundred  and  Fifty 

A  Barefoot  Captain 

The  Man  Who  Went  Back 

Robert  Sallette 

The  War  Woman    . 

Taken  for  Spies 

General  Elijah  Clarke 

James  Jackson    . 

Kate 

The  Faithful  Brother 

The  Man  Who  Saved  the  Records 


for  Pulaski 


7 
9 
12 
14 
16 
19 
22 
25 
30 
33 
36 
38 
41 
47 
49 
52 
54 
57 
59 
61 
63 
66 
69 
73 
76 
79 
81 


CONTENTS 


Edward  Telfair 

A  Young  Indian  Fighter 

The  Gun  That  Failed  to  Fire     . 

An  Indian  Attack 

A  Daring  Scout  .... 

The  Man  Who  Made  a  Steamboat 

The  Boy  Who  Hid  Under  the  Bed     . 

The  Three  Tattnalls 

Another  Georgia  King 

The  Man  Who  Made  the  Cotton  Gin 

Governor  Early  .... 

General  Floyd         .... 

"  We  Must  Not  Give  Up  the  Gun  "     . 

Hope  Hull 

Colonel  Daniel  Appling 

Three  Brave  Sentinels     . 

How  the  British  Burned  Clarke's  Mill 

The  Man  to  Whom  Napoleon  Bowed 

Two  Macon  Men       .... 

Milly 

Governor  Troup         .... 
Jesse  Mercer  and  His  Uncle  John    . 
A  Polite  Soldier         .... 
The  Indian  Who  Made  Some  A,  B,  C's 
One  of  Atlanta's  Builders     .        . 

Dora 

A  Fierce  Panther        .... 
Dr.  Crawford  W.  Long    .... 

TheLeContes 

Sampson's  Story 

The  Boy  Who  Became  a  Geologist 

A  Boy  Who  Went  to  an  Old  Field  School 


CONTENTS 


The  Man  Who  Made  a  Sewing  Machine 

A  Fight  with  a  Bear       .        .        .        . 

Sidney  Lanier  and  His  Flute 

A  Boy  Who  Loved  His  Mother 

Little  Aleck 

Little  Aleck's  Dogs 

A  Boy  Who  Led  His  Class 

The  Boy  Who  Plowed  Oxen 

A  Man  Who  Illustrated  Georgia 

A  Georgia  Gun  Maker 

Lee's  Old  War  Horse 

The  Raccoon  Roughs 

A  Georgian  Great  in  Many  Ways 

The  General  with  a  Paper  of  Pins 

Gray  Alice  .... 

The  Soldier  Who  Carried  a  Book    . 

A  Fair  Confederate     . 

It  will  be  Held  to  the  Last     . 

Memorial  Day 

A  Peace  Maker      .... 

The  Boy  with  Willing  Hands      . 

Georgia     .    .   .    .    . 


177 
179 
181 
184 
187 
190 
193 
196 
199 
201 
203 
205 
211 
213 
215 
219 
221 
224 
227 
229 
232 
235 


MAKERS   OF   GEORGIA'S 
NAME  AND   FAME 

TO  THE  CHILDREN  OF  GEORGIA 

O  children,  learn  the  story 
Of  our  dear  Georgia  state, 

The  life,  the  deeds,  the  glory 
Of  those  who  made  her  great; 

By  God's  grace  led  and  favored. 
From  Him  their  strength  they  drew. 

In  war  and  peace  they  labored 
For  what  is  good  and  true. 

On  wisdom,  moderation, 
Justice,  is  built  our  state. 

For  without  these  no  nation 
Can  be  called  truly  great. 

O  children,  learn  the  story 
Of  Georgia  well  by  heart, 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

Know  what  has  made  her  glory, 
In  science,  learning,  art. 

In  all  that  men  are  doing, 
In  all  that  men  have  dene, 

High,  noble  aims  pursuing. 
Till  victory  is  won. 

So  may  in  your  own  bosom. 
Bright  hopes  and  dreams  take  root, 

Which,  nourished  there,  shall  blossom, 
And  in  great  deeds  bear  fruit. 

And  let  this  book  remind  you 
What  great  hearts  dare  and  do, 

That  coming  years  may  find  you 
As  good,  as  brave,  as  true. 

—  Charles  W.  Hubner 


THE    MAN    WHO    WANTED    GOLD 

Nearly  four  hundred  years  ago,  Hernando  De 
Soto  started  on  a  long  march  through  what  is  now 
Georgia,  With  him  he  had  six  hundred  brave  sol- 
diers. They  wore  bright  steel  armor  and  rich  cloaks, 
and  they  had  gay  plumes  in  their  steel  helmets.  This 
army  had  two  hundred  prancing  horses,  and  a  large 
number  of  fierce  dogs  to  catch  Indians.  They  also 
had  a  great  drove  of  hogs  ahead  of  them  for  food. 
They  came  into  Georgia  somewhere  in  the  southern 
part.  This  gay  army  must  have  been  a  strange  sight 
as  it  marched  through  the  level  pine  woods. 
.  De  Soto  was  a  Spaniard.  His  soldiers  were 
Spaniards.  They  were  searching  for  jewels  and  gold. 
They  marched  across  the  state.  They  soon  ate  all 
their  hogs  and  other  food.  After  that  they  were 
often  hungry.  Then  the  Indians  would  give  them 
something  to  eat.  Once  an  Indian  chief  brought 
them  a  present  of  some  com,  some  partridges  and 
turkeys.  He  also  brought  them  some  dcgs.  The 
Spaniards  were  very  hungry.     They  ate  the  corn, 


TO         MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

partridges,  and  turkeys.     They  were  still  hungry. 
So  then  they  ate  the  dogs. 

The  Indians  were  kind  to  the  Spaniards.  But  the 
Spaniards  treated  the  Indians  very  badly.  De  Soto 
and  his  men  searched  everywhere  for  gold.  They 
broke  into  the  wigwams,  the  temples,  and  even  the 
graves,  to  try  to  find  pearls  and  geld.  Sometimes 
they  would  make  their  dcgs  catch  the  Indians.  Then 
they  would  try  to  make  the  Indians  tell  where  gold 
could  be  found. 

At  last  De  Soto  reached  the  Savannah  River. 
There  a  beautiful  princess  came  to  meet  him  and 
his  army.  She  was  very  kind  and  gentle.  She  gave 
him  a  long  rope  of  pearls.  She  put  it  about  his 
neck.  She  wanted  to  show  him  that  she  and  her 
people  would  be  friendly.  She  also  gave  him  rich 
shawls  and  dressed  skins.  Then  De  Soto  put  a  gold* 
ring  with  a  ruby  set  in  it  on  her  finger. 

But  De  Soto  did  not  care  for  the  kindness  of  the 
Indians.  He  could  not  forget  that  gold  was  what  he 
wanted.  As  before,  he  and  his  greedy  soldiers 
searched  everywhere  for  gold.  They  took  all  they 
could  find.  They  also  robbed  the  Indians  of  great 
basket fu Is  of  pearls. 

When  De  Soto  left  this  place,  he  carried  the  prin- 


MAKERS  OF   GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME  ii 

cess  with  him  as  a  prisoner.  He  made  her  march  on 
foot  ahead  of  his  army.  But  after  a  few  days,  she 
escaped.     De  Soto  saw  her  no  more. 

De  Soto  then  marched  across  the  northern  part  of 
Georgia.  He  did  not  get  much  gold.  He  marched 
en  till  he  found  the  Mississippi  River.  There  he 
died.  At  night,  his  soldiers  tied  heavy  stones  to  his 
bcdy.  Then  they  dropped  it  to  the  bottom  of  the 
great  river.  They  did  this  so  that  the  Indians  could 
not  find  his  body.  Only  forty  of  all  the  six  hundred 
men  lived  to  get  back  to  their  homes  in  Spain. 

De  Soto  did  not  try  to  make  a  settlement  in 
Georgia.  This  task  was  left  for  Oglethorpe,  "a 
nobler  man  with  a  loftier  aim." 


"NO   PEARLS    FOR   JUAN  TERRON" 

In  those  old  times,  long  ago,  the  water  in  our 
streams  was  clear.  After  the  white  men  cut  down 
the  trees  and  made  big  fields,  the  waters  of  the  creeks 
and  rivers  became  red  with  mud.  That  is  because 
the  rains  washed  the  earth  off  the  fields  into  the 
streams. 

In  the  clear  water  of  the  creeks  and  rivers,  the 
Indians  used  to  find  great  numbers  of  mussels.  Did 
you  ever  see  a  mussel?  Here  is  a  picture  of  one. 
The  Indians  often  found  pearls  that  the  Spaniards 
took  from  them. 

.  Juan  Terron  was  a  foot  soldier  in  De  Soto's  army. 
He  took  all  the  pearls  from  the  Indians  that  he  could. 
He  filled  a  bag  with  them.  It  was  said  that  he  had 
six  pounds  of  pearls.  He  hoped  to  sell  them,  and 
then  he  would  be  rich.  He  meant  to  go  back  to  his 
home  in  Spain,  and  live  in  grand  style  the  rest  of  his 
Hfe. 

The  mountains  of  North  Georgia  are  rough.  It 
is  not  very  easy  to  walk  over  them     De  Soto's 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  13 

soldiers  grew  very  tired  as  they  marched  day  after 
day  over  the  mountains  and  through  the  valleys. 
Terron's  pearls  got  heavy,  so  he  made  up  his  mind 
that  he  would  carry  them  no  farther.  He  was  tired 
of  them.  Besides,  he  was  not  sure  that  he  would 
get  back  to  Spain,  anyway. 

So  he  thought  that  he  would  give  them  to  a  friend 
who  had  a  horse  to  ride.  "You  may  have  these 
pearls  if  you  will  carry  them,"  said  Terron  to  his 
friend. 

"No,"  said  his  friend.  "Keep  them.  You  will 
want  them  when  you  get  back  to  Spain.  They  will 
make  you  rich." 

"If  you  will  not  have  them,  I  will  carry  them  no 
longer,"  said  Terron.     "They  shall  remain  here." 

Then  he  untied  the  bag  and  whirled  it  about  his 
head.  The  pearls  were  lost  in  the  leaves  and  grass 
on  every  side.  Terron  then  marched  on.  The 
other  soldiers  found  about  thirty  of  his  pearls  and 
kept  them. 

After  that,  whenever  a  man  acted  idle  or  foolish, 
the  Spanish  soldiers  would  say,  "There  are  no  pearls 
for  Juan  Terron."  They  meant  that  such  a  man 
was  throwing  away  his  opportunity. 


THE  MAN  FOR  WHOM  GEORGIA  WAS 
NAMED 

King  George  II.  of  England  was  a  small  man. 
But  he  was  stout  and  brave.  He  loved  war  and 
battles.  He  liked  no  perfume  so  well  as  he  liked  the 
smell  of  gunpowder. 

In  1 74 1,  England  was  at  war  with  Austria.  King 
George  went  himself  to  take  part  in  the  fighting.  A 
battle  was  fought  at  a  place  called  Dettingen.  The 
two  armies  stood  facing  each  other.  They  were  not 
very  close  together,  but  they  could  see  each  other. 
Then  the  guns  began  to  boom.  The  men  began  to 
shout.     There  was  a  great  deal  of  noise. 

The  king's  horse  was  a  very  fine,  fiery  one.     The 

horse  had  never  been  in  battle  before.     The  great 

noise  frightened  him,  so  that  he  ran  away.     Straight 

toward  the  long  glittering  lines  of  Austrians  he  went. 

King  George  was  doing  all  he  could  to  stop  the  horse. 

On,  on,  the  horse  ran.     At  last  the  king  stopped  him. 

Then  he  leaped  down  from  his  back  and  said,  "Now, 

you  may  run  away,  but  /  know  /  shall  not  run  away." 
14 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  15 

Then  he  drew  his  sword  and  waved  it  high  in  the 
air.  His  men  were  close  behind  him.  He  called 
out  to  them,  "Come,  boys,  now  behave  hke  men, 
and  the  enemy  will  soon  run."  With  these  words 
he  led  his  men  forward  with  such  force  that,  sure 
enough,  the  enemy  did  soon  run. 

This  was  the  last  battle  that  an  English  king  took 
part  in.  And  this  King  George  II.  was  the  man  for 
whom  Georgia  was  named. 


THE  MAN  WHO  FORGOT  HIS  DEBTS 

Robert  Castell  was  an  Englishman.  He .  lived 
nearly  two  hundred  years  ago.  He  loved  good  books 
and  fine  pictures. 

He  thought  that  he  would  make  a  book  himself. 
He  would  be  proud  to  make  this  book,  and  besides, 
he  thought  he  would  get  rich  from  its  sale.  So  he 
set  to  work  at  it.  This  book  told  about  all  kinds  of 
houses.  He  also  made  pictures  of  the  houses  in  the 
book.  Castell  loved  this  work  so  much  that  he 
forgot  nearly  everything  else.  He  even  forgot  to  pay 
his  debts. 

At  last  the  book  was  finished.  It  was  then 
printed.  He  now  tried  to  sell  his  book.  But  no 
one  seemed  to  want  to  buy  a  book  about  houses. 
Poor  Castell  did  not  get  rich  as  he  had  hoped.  In- 
stead, he  was  badly  in  debt  for  the  printing  cf  his  book. 

Castell  was  hcnest  and  wanted  to  pay  all  he  owed. 
But  he  could  not,  for  now  he  had  no  money.  Before, 
he  forgot  to  pay  his  debts.  Now,  he  was  not  able  to 
pay  them. 

i6 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  17 

At  that  time,  there  was  a  very  bad  law  in  England. 
People  who  would  not  pay  their  debts  were  put  in 
prison.  Worse  still,  those  who  could  not  pay  theijn 
were  put  in  prison.  There  they  would  stay  for 
months  and  years.  They  were  not  let  out  until  thdr 
debts  were  paid.  Sometimes  they  stayed  in  prison 
until  they  died.  1 

Now,  as  Robert  Castell  had  no  money,  he  was  seht 
to  prison.  Some  of  the  people  in  the  prison  had 
smallpox.  Castell  feared  to  be  in  this  prison,  for  he 
had  never  had  smallpox.  In  those  days  a  great 
many  people  died  with  it,  so  he  begged  to  be  put  in 
another  prison.  But  the  keeper  would  not  do  this 
unless  Castell  would  pay  him  money.  As  Castell 
could  give  him  none,  he  had  to  go  to  the  prison  where 
the  smallpox  was. 

There  he  soon  took  the  disease.  He  was  very  sick 
with  it.  He  soon  died  in  the  prison.  His  wife  and 
children  were  left  poor  and  helpless.  It  was  a  sad 
thing  for  Castell  and  his  family,  but  it  proved  to  be 
a  great  blessing  for  thousands  of  other  poor  men  who 
were  shut  up  in  prison.  You  will  soon  learn  that  it 
was  also  a  help  to  Georgia. 


JAMES  EDWARD   OGLETHORPE 


THE  MAN  WHO  SETTLED  GEORGIA 

James  Edward  Oglethorpe  lived  in  England. 
When  he  was  a  boy,  he  liked  to  read  about  wars. 
He  liked  to  hear  old  soldiers  tell  of  battles.  He 
wanted  to  be  a  soldier  himself.  He  went  to  a  school 
for  soldiers.  He  went  to  the  wars  before  he  was 
twenty  years  old.  He  was  in  the  English  army. 
Young  Oglethorpe  was  in  many  battles,  and  he 
fought  bravely. 

The  wars  were  soon  over,  and  then  England  had 
peace.  Oglethorpe  did  not  like  this.  Times  of 
peace  were  too  quiet  and  dull  for  him.  So  he  went 
away  and  joined  the  Austrian  army  to  fight  the  Turks. 
He  had  many  adventures,  and  when  he  was  old,  he 
would  often  tell  stories  of  the  great,  brave  days  of 
his  youth. 

After  the  war  with  the  Turks  ended,  he  went  home 

to  England.     He  found  that  his  father  and  his  older 

brothers  had  died.    This  left  him  the  head  of  the 

Oglethorpe  family.    He  was  also  left  very  rich,  and 

he  had  a  grand  home.     He  was  now  made  a  member 

19 


20  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

of  Parliament.    You  may  know  that  the  Parliament 
is  a  body  of  men  that  makes  the  laws  for  England. 

Though  he  was  rich,  Oglethorpe  lived  very  simply. 
He  was  kind  and  good  to  all.  He  loved  his  fellow 
men.  He  loved  his  friends  very  much  and  would  do 
anything  he  could  for  them. 

He  was  a  friend  to  the  Robert  Castell  who  died 
in  prison.  When  Oglethorpe  heard  of  Castell's 
sad  death,  he  grieved  very  much.  He  was  also 
angry  that  there  was  such  a  cruel  law.  He  thought 
this  law  ought  to  be  changed,  so  he  got  Parliament  to 
send  some  men  to  see  how  people  were  treated  in  the 
prisons.     Oglethorpe  was  himself  one  of  those  sent. 

They  went  into  many  prisons.  They  found  the 
prisoners  badly  treated.  They  learned  that  there 
was  a  special  kind  of  prison  for  debtors.  These 
priscns  had  iron  cages  all  around  the  inside  next  to 
the  walls.  The  cages  had  narrow  openings  in  them 
next  to  the  streets.  The  debtors  were  put  into  these 
cages.  The  keepers  of  the  prisons  did  not  feed  the 
debtors.  They  did  not  clothe  them.  The  debtors 
had  to  beg  from  people  who  passed.  If  no  one  gave 
them  anything,  they  did  without.  Sometimes  those 
passing  would  give  them  money  or  food. 

But  many  a  poor  man  stood  at  the  little  window  of 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  21 

his  cage  all  day  and  get  nothing.  Then  he  would 
lie  down  hungry,  en  the  cold,  hard  floor.  Some- 
times they  froze  or  starved  to  death.  Some  of  the 
prise  ners  were  in  heavy  chains,  and  they  were 
often  beaten  with  big  sticks  or  straps. 

Oglethorpe  was  stirred  more  than  ever  after  he 
had  seen  these  sights.  He  was  very  sorry  for  the 
poor  people.  He  thought  about  it  a  great  deal. 
Then  he  got  Parliament  to  free  most  of  those  <A^ho 
were  in  prison  for  debt.  This  itself  was  a  great  deed, 
but  you  shall  now  read  of  a  greater  one. 


HOW   OGLETHORPE    SETTLED    GEORGL\ 

Oglethorpe  could  not  get  the  poor  people  of  Eng- 
land off  his  mind.  Even  when  they  were  not  in 
prison  they  had  hard  work  to  make  a  living.  Ogle- 
thorpe thought  of  the  great  tracts  of  land  that  were 
lying  idle  on  the  other  side  of  the  ocean  in  America. 
He  thought  if  the  poor  people  were  on  these  lands  they 
could  easily  get  plenty  of  food  and  clothes  for  them- 
selves. Better  still,  they  could  make  a  new  start  in 
life.    They  could  again  be  brave  and  free. 

So  he  went  to  talk  with  King  George.  You  have 
already  read  of  how  brave  the  king  was.  He  was 
also  kind-hearted.  Oglethorpe  told  the  king  about 
the  poor  people.  He  asked  the  king  to  give  him  a 
large  tract  of  land  in  America.  He  said  he  would 
settle  these  people  on  the  land,  and  it  should  all  be  a 
part  of  George's  kingdom.  The  king  was  glad  to 
give  Oglethorpe  the  land. 

Then  Oglethorpe  got  about  one  hundred  and  thirty 
men,  women,  and  children  together  to  bring  to 
America.    He  would  not  let  any  but  honest  men 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  23 

come.  They  were  glad  to  get  away  from  the  hard  life 
in  England. 

They  crossed  the  Atlantic  in  the  ship  Anne.  On 
the  way  two  little  bo)rs  died.  They  were  buried  in 
the  ocean.  Oglethorpe  and  his  people  landed  first 
in  South  Carolina.  There  they  were  kindly  treated. 
All  sorts  of  food  —  bread,  pork,  turkeys,  and  beeves 
—  were  sent  to  them.  They  thought  they  had  never 
seen  a  land  of  such  plenty. 

While  the  people  rested  for  a  few  days,  Oglethorpe 
went  to  find  a  place  for  his  town.  He  went  down  the 
South  Carolina  coast,  and  came  into  the  mouth  of 
the  Savannah  River.  He  went  up  the  river  till  he 
came  to  a  high,  level  bluff.  It  was  called  Yama- 
craw  Bluff.  Here  he  stopped.  Oglethorpe  liked 
the  place.  He  thought  that  God  must  have  meant 
such  a  beautiful  place  to  be  the  home  of  his  people. 

There  was  a  tribe  of  Indians  that  lived  near. 
Oglethorpe  went  to  see  them.  He  asked  them  to  let 
him  settle  on  the  bluff.  Old  Tomochichi,  their 
chief,  said,  "There  is  plenty  of  room  for  both  red 
men  and  white  men.  Bring  your  people  on  to  the 
woods." 

Then  Oglethorpe  went  back  for  his  people.  He 
got  them  ready.    Together  they  all  left  South  Caro- 


24  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

lina  to  go  to  Savannah.  This  was  to  be  the  name 
of  their  new  town.  They  spent  their  first  night  on 
the  bluff  in  four  big  white  tents  under  the  tall  pine 
trees.  Oglethorpe  had  a  small  tent  to  himself  under 
three  pine  trees. 

The  next  morning  Oglethorpe  called  the  people 
together.  They  had  prayer  and  gave  thanks  to 
God  fcr  keeping  them  safe.  Then  the  men  went 
to  work  to  build  houses  and  to  clear  fields.  It  was  a 
very  busy  time  for  all. 

Oglethorpe  always  treated  the  Indians  kindly. 
They  all  loved  him.  An  Indian  once  said,  ''We  love 
him.  It  is  true  he  does  not  give  us  silver,  but  he 
gives  us  everything  we  want  that  he  has.  He  has 
given  me  the  ccat  off  his  back  and  the  blanket  from 
under  him." 

Other  people  came  to  Savannah.  It  soon  came 
to  be  quite  a  little  city.  Oglethorpe  settled  other 
towns.  He  stayed  with  his  people  in  Georgia  nearly 
ten  years.  Then  he  went  back  to  England.  The 
king  praised  him,  and  at  last  made  him  commander 
of  all  his  armies. 

A  county  and  also  a  town  in  Georgia  are  proud  to 
bear  the  name  of  Oglethorpe. 


A  GEORGIA  KING 

The  Indians  lived  in  all  the  country  about 
Savannah.  They  lived  in  all  Georgia.  They  were 
divided  into  many  tribes.  Each  tribe  had  a  ruler 
who  was  called  a  chief.  The  chief  was  a  sort  of 
king. 

The  Indians  that  lived  near  Savannah  were  called 
Yamacraws.  Their  chief  was  named  Tomochichi. 
When  Oglethorpe  came,  Tomochichi  was  nearly 
ninety  years  old.  But  he  was  very  straight  and  more 
than  six  feet  high.  As  he  walked,  his  step  was  light 
and  springy.  His  eye  was  bright  and  clear,  and  his 
whole  face  showed  a  strong  mind  and  a  noble  heart. 
He  was,  indeed,  a  Georgia  king. 

Tomochichi  loved  Oglethorpe.  He  soon  saw  that 
the  English  were  very  much  stronger  then  the  In- 
dians. He  knew  it  would  be  best  for  the  Indians  to 
keep  peace  with  the  white  people.  Tomochichi  had 
always  been  a  great  warrior,  and  the  other  chiefs 
had  great  respect  for  him,  so  he  could  get  the  other 
chiefs  to  do  almost  as  he  wished  them  to  do.     He 

25 


96         MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

got  them  to  come  to  Savannah  to  have  a  "big  talk" 
with  Oglethorpe.     Many  chiefs  came. 

They  had  their  "big  talk"  in  one  of  the  nev^ 
houses  at  Savannah.  The  chiefs  were  big,  stout 
men.  They  were  dressed  in  skins,  war  paint,  and 
feathers.  They  were  bold,  fierce  looking  men. 
When  all  was  ready,  a  chief,  called  Long  King, 
made  a  speech.  Then  the  other  chiefs  made 
speeches.  Tomcchichi  spoke  last.  Oglethorpe  then 
replied  to  all  their  speeches  in  a  very  kind  manner. 
A  treaty  of  peace  was  made.  A  treaty  is  an  agree- 
ment between  two  peoples  not  to  fight  each  other. 
In  this  way,  Tomochichi  was  a  good  friend  to  Ogle- 
thorpe and  his  people. 

After  some  months,  Oglethorpe  went  back  to 
England.  Tomcchichi  and  Seenawki,  his  wife,  and 
some  other  Indians  went  with  him  to  see  that  great 
country. 

King  George  invited  the  Indians  to  visit  him  in  his 
fine  palace.  The  Indian  king  was  very  proud  to 
visit  the  English  king,  so  when  the  day  for  the  visit 
came,  the  Indians  dressed  themselves  in  their  finest 
beads,  their  brightest  paints,  and  their  longest  feath- 
ers. Tomochichi  were  also  a  scarlet  mantle  of  rich 
velvet.     It    was    trimmed    with    bright    gold    lace. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME  27 

Seenawki  wore  a  bright  red  dress  made  almost  like 
an  Indian  dress.  The  others  wore  their  paints, 
beads^  feathers,  and  blue  shawls. 

The  king  sent  three  of  his  fine  coaches  to  take  the 
Indians  to  the  palace.  Each  coach  was  drawn  by 
six  beautiful  horses.  Altogether  these  Indians  made 
a  strange  sight  in  the  great  city  of  London.  Thou- 
sands of  people  crowded  the  streets  and  windows  to 
see  them  pass. 

Then  the  Indians  were  led  before  the  king.  He 
was  seated  en  his  throne  with  the  queen  beside  him. 
Tomochichi  made  a  speech  to  King  George.  At  the 
close  of  his  speech,  he  gave  the  king  a  bunch  of 
eagle's  feathers,  and  said,  "These  are  the  feathers 
of  the  eagle,  which  is  the  swiftest  of  birds,  and  which 
flieth  all  around  our  nation.  These  feathers  signify 
peace  in  our  land  and  have  been  carried  from  town 
to  town  there.  We  have  brought  them  over  to  leave 
with  you,  O  great  king,  as  a  sign  of  everlasting  peace 
between  your  people  and  our  people!"  Then  King 
George  made  a  speech  and  gave  each  of  the  Indians 
a  rich  present. 

The  Indians  spent  four  months  in  England.  They 
were  well  treated  everywhere.  Once  they  went  to 
Eton.    This  is  a  famous  school  for  boys.     Tomo- 


a8  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

chichi  liked  the  exercises.  He  had  spent  most  of  his 
life  out  in  the  open  air  in  the  woods.  He  thought 
that  boys  who  were  shut  up  in  rooms  and  bent  over 
books  must  be  very  tired,  so  he  begged  that  a 
holiday  be  given  the  boys.  The  boys  liked  him  for 
this  and  gave  him  a  loud  huzza. 

At  last  one  of  the  Indians  died.  Then  the  others 
wanted  to  come  back  to  Georgia.  They  brought  a 
great  many  presents  with  them.  They  gave  some 
of  them  to  the  Indians  who  had  not  gone  to  England. 
y  Tomochichi  thought  England  a  fine  country.  He 
wished  that  his  own  people  might  have  schools, 
churches,  and  cities.  He  hoped  that  they  might 
learn,  and  some  day  be  great  Hke  the  English.  After 
a  time  John  Wesley  came  to  Georgia  to  teach  the 
Indians.  Tomochichi  went  to  meet  him,  and  said, 
"I  am  glad  you  have  come  to  speak  the  great  word 
to  us.  I  will  do  my  best  to  get  our  people  to  listen 
well  to  you."  Seenawki  brought  Wesley  a  present 
of  a  jar  of  honey  and  a  jar  of  milk.  She  said  to  him, 
"The  honey  signifies  our  kind  feelings  toward  you; 
the  milk  signifies  the  needs  of  our  children ;  so  please 
come  and  teach  them." 

Tomochichi    had    a    nephew    who    was    named 
Toonahowi.    Tomochichi  gave  Toonahowi  to  Ogle- 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  29 

thorpe  to  be  educated  and  brought  up  as  a  Christian. 
As  long  as  Tomochichi  lived,  he  was  a  friend  to 
Oglethorpe  and  the  English.  He  helped  them  in 
every  way  he  could. 

At  last,  when  he  was  ninety-seven  years  old,  he 
fell  sick.  George  Whitefield  went  to  see  the  old 
chief.  He  found  Tomochichi  lying  on  a  blanket 
under  a  great  live  oak.  Seenawki  sat  by  his  side 
and  cooled  him  with  a  fan  made  of  the  snow-white 
feathers  of  a  crane.  The  old  chief  could  not  talk 
much.  Whitefield  said  to  him,  "Where  do  you 
think  you  will  go  when  you  die?"  Tomochichi 
answered,  *'To  heaven."  He  died  a  few  hours 
later. 

He  was  buried  in  one  of  the  main  squares  of 
Savannah.  That  was  where  he  had  wished  to  be 
buried.  When  you  visit  Savannah,  you  may  see 
his  monument.  It  is  a  huge,  rough  piece  of  stone 
placed  on  his  grave.  Why  do  you  think  the  stone 
was  left  rough? 


A  GEORGIA  PRINCE 

Toonahowi  was  a  young  Indian.  He  was  one  of 
those  that  went  with  Oglethorpe  to  England. 

King  George  had  a  son  William,  who  was  the  Duke 
of  Cumberland.  This  young  prince  liked  Toona- 
howi, and  gave  him  a  fine  gold  watch.  Prince 
William  said  to  Toonahowi,  "Whenever  you  look  at 
the  watch  to  see  the  time  of  day,  remember  me,  and 
call  on  the  name  of  Jesus,  the  blessed  Saviour  of  us 
all!"  Toonahowi  was  proud  of  his  watch  and  he 
loved  his  young  English  friend  very  much. 

Toonahowi  once  sailed  down  the  Georgia  coast 
with  Oglethorpe  and  Tomochichi.  They  were  going 
to  see  the  country.  They  came  in  sight  of  a  large, 
beautiful  island.  Before  that  time,  the  Indians  had 
called  it  Sassafras  Island  because  so  many  sassafras 
bushes  grew  there.  But  now  Toonahowi  wished  its 
name  changed.  He  begged  Oglethorpe  to  call  it  after 
the  name  of  his  friend  who  had  given  him  the  much- 
prized  watch,  so  it  was  called  Cumberland  Island,  in 

hcnor  of  Prince  William,  the  Duke  of  Cumberland. 
30 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  31 

Spaniards  lived  in  Florida  just  south  of  Georgia. 
They  hated  Oglethorpe  and  his  people.  Once  the 
Spaniards  raised  a  large  army.  They  came  over  into 
Georgia  and  began  to  kill  the  people  and  bum  their 
houses.  Oglethorpe  got  his  men  ready  and  a  battle 
was  fought  in  a  large  marsh. 

Toonahowi  had  now  become  the  chief  of  the 
Yamacraws.  He  fought  bravely  for  the  English  in 
this  battle.  He  loved  Oglethorpe  as  Tomochichi 
had  loved  him.  No  English  soldier  fought  more 
boldly  for  Oglethorpe  than  Toonahowi.  Tomochi- 
chi had  always  wished  Toonahowi  to  be  a  "big 
warrior." 

In  this  fight,  Toonahowi  met  a  Spanish  captain. 
They  began  to  try  to  kill  each  other.  Toonahowi 
with  raised  tomahawk  was  rushing  upon  the  captain. 
The  captain  fired  upon  Toonahawi  with  his  pistol. 
The  ball  broke  Toonahowi's  arm.  Down  fell  the 
arm  and  the  tomahawk  dropped  to  the  ground. 
But  Toonahowi,  quick  as  a  flash,  drew  his  own  pistol 
and  shot  the  Spaniard  through  the  brain. 

The  Spaniards  were  all  either  killed  or  driven 
away.  So  many  were  killed  that  the  place  was  called 
Bloody  Marsh.  The  Spaniards  did  not  trouble 
Oglethorpe  any  further. 


OGLETHORPE'S   PEOPLE  AND  THE 
GEORGIA  ALLIGATORS 

Oglethorpe's  people  found  many  kinds  of  animals 
in  Georgia  that  they  had  never  seen  before.  They 
did  not  know  what  to  make  of  these  animals.  Do  you 
think  the  animals  knew  what  to  make  of  the  people  ? 

There  were  big  rattlesnakes  in  the  woods  and 
swamps.  These  would  coil  themselves  in  a  great 
heap.  Then  if  anyone  came  near  them,  the  singing 
of  their  rattles  was  dreadful.  They  bit  one  or  two 
of  the  people.  Those  who  were  bitten  died.  The 
people  were  soon  very  much  afraid  of  the  rattle- 
snakes. 

When  any  of  them  walked  in  the  woods,  they 
would  wear  big,  loose  leggings.  His  fangs  could  not 
reach  through  to  the  flesh. 

There  were  a  great  many  huge  alligators  in  the 
Savannah  River.  Have  you  ever  seen  an  alligator? 
Here  is  a  picture  of  one.  He  is  a  big,  ugly  beast,  and 
looks  very  dangerous.  He  is  almost  covered  with 
bony  scales.    His  skin  is  so  thick  and  hard  that  a 

33 


34         MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

rifle  bullet  cannot  easily  go  through  it.  He  has  a 
huge  mouth,  with  long,  sharp  teeth.  You  would 
think  he  could  swallow  a  whole  boy.  Alligators  are 
very  fond  of  pigs  and  puppies,  but  sometimes  they 
swallow  stones  and  pine  knots. 

Oglethorpe's  people  feared  these  monsters  more 
than  anything  else.  They  could  see  great  numbers 
of  them  on  the  banks  of  the  river.  At  night  they 
could  hear  the  loud  bellowing  of  the  alligators.  The 
brutes  would  eat  their  calves  and  pigs,  and  the 
people  feared  that  themselves  and  their  children 
might  be  eaten  also. 

But  Oglethorpe  did  not  think  the  alligators  would 
harm  the  people.  He  had  never  known  of  an  alli- 
gator eating  a  man.  He  had  noticed  that  when  a 
man  went  near  one,  the  alligator  would  slide  into  the 
water  and  go  away. 

So  Oglethorpe  thought  he  would  show  his  people 
that  alligators  were  not  very  dangerous.  He  had 
some  of  his  soldiers  shoot  one  so  as  to  cripple  it. 
Then  it  was  dragged  up  into  the  streets  of  Savannah. 
Oglethorpe  called  all  the  boys  to  play  with  the  alli- 
gator. They  came,  a  great,  merry,  shouting  crowd. 
They  would  poke  the  alligator  with  sticks.  He  would 
blow,  and  slap  the  ground  with  his  big,  long  tail. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  35 

They  would  hit  him  with  stones.  He  would  blow 
and  slap  again.  He  would  snap  his  great  jaws,  and 
then  the  boys  took  good  care  to  keep  out  of  his  reach. 
The  boys  kept  on  poking  and  beating  him.  It  was 
great  fun.  At  last  they  killed  the  alligator.  I  fear 
that  these  boys  did  not  have  very  tender  hearts. 

It  is  nowhere  told  whether  the  people  were  afraid  of 
alligators  after  that.  But  it  is  certain  that  they  did 
not  run  away.  They  stayed  on  in  their  beautiful 
city  of  Savannah. 


THE    CHIEF    WHO    HAD    DREAMS 

When  the  Georgia  colony  was  not  very  old,  there 
lived  a  man  on  the  Savannah  River  in  South  Carolina, 
who  traded  with  the  Indians.  His  name  was  Gal- 
phin.  He  had  a  trading  post  in  our  state.  It  was 
in  what  is  now  Jefferson  County.  He  kept  beads, 
ear-rings,  and  other  trinkets.  He  also  had  guns, 
powder,  shot,  and  cloth.  He  traded  these  things 
to  the  Indians  for  all  sorts  of  skins,  and  sometimes 
for  land. 

Once  Galphin  was  at  his  trading  post  in  Jefferson. 
An  old  Indian  chief  came  to  trade.  Galphin  was 
wearing  a  bright  red  coat.  The  chief  thought  it  a 
very  fine  coat.  He  wanted  it  for  himself.  He  be- 
gan to  plan  how  he  might  get  it. 

At  last  the  old  chief  said  to  Galphin,  "Me  had 
dream." 

"You  did?"  said  Galphin.  "What  did  you 
dream?" 

"Me  dream  you  give  me  that  coat,"  said  the  cun- 
ning old  Indian.  This  was  a  polite  way  the  Indians 
36 


MAKERS  OF   GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME  37 

had  of  asking  for  anything  they  wanted.  If  one 
asked  for  a  gift  in  this  way,  it  was  not  polite  to  refuse 
him. 

"Very  well,  you  shall  have  the  coat,"  said  the 
trader,  and  so  he  took  off  his  coat  and  gave  it  to  the 
chief. 

The  chief  was  very  glad.  He  put  on  his  new  coat 
and  felt  that  he  was  richly  dressed. 

The  chief  owned  a  large  tract  of  land  nearby. 
Galphin  wanted  this  land.  He  thought  he  now  had 
a  chance  to  get  it.  He  waited  for  some  time  till  he 
thought  the  chief  had  forgotten.  At  last  one  day 
he  said  to  him,  "Chief,  I  had  a  dream  last  night." 

"Ugh!     What  you  dream?"  asked  the  Indian. 

"I  dreamed  you  gave  me  all  this  land  in  the  fork 
of  these  creeks,"  said  Galphin. 

"Well,  you  take  him,"  said  the  Indian;  "but  we 
dream  no  more."  The  Indian  chief  now  thought  that 
he  had  not  got  his  red  coat  so  cheap,  after  all.  No  one 
knows  what  went  with  the  old  chief,  but  Galphin  be- 
came rich.  The  old  trading  post  in  Jefferson  is  now 
called  Old  Town. 


44.'Jli27 


THE   MAN  WHO   LOVED   CHILDREN 

The  people  in  England  had  heard  of  the  Indians. 
A  great  many  of  them  were  sorry  for  the  Indians. 
They  thought  the  Indians  should  be  taught  about 
Christ.  They  wanted  the  Indians  to  have  schools 
and  churches,  so  a  great  many  men  came  to  America 
to  teach  and  to  preach  to  them.  Among  these  was 
George  Whitefield. 

In  Georgia,  Whitefield  found  a  great  many  chil- 
dren whose  fathers  and  mothers  were  dead.  These 
children  were  very  poor.  Often  they  had  not  enough 
to  eat  and  almost  nothing  to  wear.  Often,  too,  they 
were  cruelly  treated.  They  had  hard  times.  White- 
field  felt  more  pity  for  these  poor  children  than  he 
did  for  the  Indians.  He  made  up  his  mind  to  build 
a  home  for  them.  This  home  should  be  a  place  where 
the  children  would  be  fed,  clothed,  and  taught. 
Best  of  all,  they  were  to  be  loved  and  treated 
kindly. 

Whitefield  did  not  bother  about  the  Indians  any 

more.     He  went  to  work  for  the  children.     The 
38 


MAKERS  OF   GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  39 

Georgia  trustees  gave  him  five  hundred  acres  of 
land  for  them.  But  Whitefield  had  to  get  money 
to  build  a  house  for  the  children.  He  also  needed 
money  for  clothes,  furniture,  and  food  for  them, 
so  he  traveled  through  the  colonies  and  even  through 
England  to  get  money. 

At  first  not  many  people  came  to  hear  him.  After 
a  time,  so  many  came  that  when  they  sang  they  could 
be  heard  two  miles  away.  When  he  asked  for  money 
for  his  orphan's  home,  they  gave.  Even  the  poorest 
person  gave  his  little.  Once  they  gave  him  so  much 
money  that  he  could  not  carry  it.  I  guess  he  had  it 
hauled. 

Another  time  the  great  Benjamin  Franklin  went  to 
hear  Whitefield.  Franklin  was  a  man  who  always 
wanted  to  keep  his  money,  so  he  thought  he  would 
not  give  anything.  He  sat  down  with  the  other 
people.  He  had  a  pocketful  of  copper,  silver,  and 
gold  money.  Whitefield  began  to  preach.  Franklin 
soon  found  he  Hked  to  hear  him,  so  he  thought  he 
would  give  the  copper  money.  He  listened  and  hked 
the  sermon  better  and  better.  Then  he  made  up  his 
mind  that  he  would  give  the  silver  money.  At  last 
the  sermon  was  ended.  Then  a  man  came  around 
with  a  plate  for  money.     Franklin  emptied  his  whole 


40         MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

pocketful  of  copper,  silver,  and  gold  into  the  plate  and 
felt  better. 

Whitefield  kept  at  this  work  of  getting  money  for  a 
home  for  the  orphans.  At  last  he  had  enough. 
Then  forty  children  were  taken  to  the  home.  They 
were  glad  to  have  so  good  a  place  to  live.  They 
worked  in  the  fields  and  gardens.  A  good  school  was 
taught  for  them.  They  now  had  plenty  to  eat  and 
wear.     They  were  taught  and  kindly  treated. 

The  home  was  called  The  Bethesda  Orphans' 
Home.  There  are  many  other  homes  for  orphans 
now  in  Georgia,  but  this  was  the  first  one. 

We  have  a  county  named  for  Whitefield,  and  also 
one  for  Franklin. 


SOME   LIBERTY   BOYS 

For  a  Icng  time,  Georgia  was  under  the  rule  of 
England.  After  awhile  some  of  the  people  thought 
England  was  not  treating  them  right.  Then  they 
wanted  Georgia  to  be  free  from  England.  Those 
who  wanted  to  be  free  called  themselves  Liberty 
Boys.  Those  who  wanted  Georgia  to  be  ruled  by 
England  were  called  Tories.  The  Liberty  Boys  and 
Tories  soon  came  to  hate  each  other  very  much. 
Then  there  was  a  great  war.  It  was  called  the 
Revolution. 

A  great  many  men  who  lived  in  Savannah  were 
Liberty  Boys.  Edward  Telfair  was  one;  John 
Milledge  was  another.  Dr.  Noble  Wimberly  Jones 
was  one  of  their  leaders.  He  was  called  the  "Morn- 
ing Star  of  Liberty."  Archibald  Bulloch  and  Joseph 
Habersham  were  two  others.  There  were  many 
besides  these. 

In  Savannah,  there  was  a  large  quantity  of  powder 
that  belonged  to  the  English,     General  Washington 

was  getting  ready  for  war,  and  the  Liberty  Boys  did 

41 


,'s!f/.-;-»5!^5^.'^^ 


JAMES  HABERSHAM 


MAKERS  OF   GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME  43 

not  have  enough  powder,  so  they  planned  to  take 
the  English  powder  for  themselves. 

When  night  came,  they  met  in  a  quiet  place. 
They  made  as  little  noise  as  they  could.  They  made 
their  plans,  and  when  most  people  were  asleep,  they 
went  to  the  house  where  the  powder  was  stored.  With 
axes  and  heavy  pieces  of  wood,  they  broke  in  the 
door  of  the  house.  Then  they  went  in  and  each  took 
all  the  powder  he  could  carry.  They  took  part  of 
it  to  the  garrets  and  cellars  of  their  houses.  This 
was  used  by  these  Georgia  Liberty  Boys.  A  part  of 
it  they  sent  to  South  Carolina  and  Massachusetts. 
It  is  said  that  some  of  this  powder  was  used  by 
Washington's  soldiers  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 
The  British  governor  of  Georgia  tried  very  hard  to 
find  out  who  took  the  powder,  but  he  could  not. 

About  two  months  after  this,  the  people  of  Savan- 
nah heard  that  a  British  ship  was  coming  to  their 
town.  It  was  loaded  with  powder  for  the  British 
and  Indians  in  Georgia.  The  Liberty  Boys  did  not 
like  this,  so  they  made  up  their  minds  to  meet  the 
ship,  and  take  the  powder  for  themselves. 

A  vessel  was  made  ready.  It  had  ten  cannon  and 
fifty  men.  It  was  put  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Bowen  and  Joseph  Habersham.    Then  the  ship's 


44  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

anchor  was  raised,  its  sails  were  spread,  and  it  went 
gliding  down  the  river.  It  passed  from  the  river  and 
out' to  sea  a  little  way.    There  it  waited. 

At  last  the  Liberty  Boys  on  board  saw  the  tips  of 
a  ship's  masts  over  the  water.  They  thought  this 
might  be  the  British  powder  ship,  so  they  watched 
and  waited.  On,  on,  the  ship  came,  and  they  could 
see  more  and  more  of  it.  Then  they  saw  the  white 
sails  and  the  British  flags.  The  vessel  came  on  like 
some  great  bird. 

The  Liberty  Boys  waited  till  it  had  begun  to  enter 
the  mouth  of  the  river.  Then  they  spread  all  their 
sails,  and  started  after  the  powder  ship. 

The  British  captain  saw  them,  and  had  his  ship 
turned  about.  He  wanted  to  get  away.  He  would 
not  wait  to  fight.  He  sailed  straight  out  to  deep  sea. 
The  Liberty  Boys  followed  fast.  They  gained  on 
the  British  vessel.  When  they  were  near  enough, 
they  fired  on  it  till  the  British  gave  up. 

The  Liberty  Boys  took  all  the  powder.  They  kept 
a  part  for  themselves  and  sent  a  part  to  Philadelphia 
for  General  Washington.  He  used  this  powder  to 
drive  the  British  from  Boston.  This  was  the  first 
British  ship  taken  by  the  Americans  in  the  Revolu- 
tion.   The  powder  was  a  great  help  to  the  Americans. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FT  ME  45 

The  British  governor  of  Georgia  was  Sir  James 
Wright.  He  was  a  very  good  governor,  but  the 
Liberty  Boys  thought  Georgia  ought  no  longer  to  be 
ruled  by  a  British  governor;  so  they  made  up  their 
minds  he  must  be  taken  and  shut  up  in  prison. 

Joseph  Habersham  said  he  would  arrest  Wright, 
so  he  took  a  few  of  his  friends  and  went  to  the  gover- 
nor's house.  He  boldly  passed  the  man  who  was  on 
guard  at  the  door.  Straight  on  into  the  house 
Habersham  walked.  He  soon  found  the  governor 
and  some  members  of  his  council.  Habersham  went 
right  up  to  the  governor,  and  put  his  hand  on  his 
shoulder.  Then  he  boldly  said,  "Sir  James,  you  are 
my  prisoner."  The  governor  thought  Habersham 
had  a  whole  army  outside  to  help  him,  so  he  gave 
himself  up.  The  members  of  the  council  at  once  ran 
away.  Some  of  them  were  in  such  a  great  hurry  to 
leave,  they  went  out  at  the  windows.  The  governor 
was  shut  up  a  prisoner  in  his  own  house.  He  was 
the  last  British  governor  that  Georgia  had. 

In  these  ways  and  many  others,  the  Liberty  Boys 
did  much  to  free  Georgia.  Habersham  County  is 
named  for  this  Major  Habersham. 


GEORGE  WALTON 


THE  BOY  WHO  STUDIED  BY  PINE  KNOTS 

George  Walton's  father  and  mother  died  when  he 
was  a  very  small  boy.  Then  no  one  seemed  to  care 
for  him.  At  last  he  was  given  into  the  charge  of  a 
carpenter.  This  carpenter  agreed  to  teach  George 
how  to  build  houses.  George  was  to  work  for  him 
till  he  should  be  grown. 

This  man  made  him  work  very  hard.  George  did 
net  mind  that,  for  he  hked  to  work,  but  he  wanted 
to  learn,  too.  As  he  worked  the  whole  of  every  day 
except  Sunday,  he  had  no  time  to  go  to  school 

He  soon  made  up  his  mind  that  he  would  leam 
all  he  could,  anyway;  so  after  his  day's  work  was 
done,  he  would  gather  into  the  house  a  great  heap  of 
rich  pine  knots.  These  make  a  bright  light.  The 
carpenter  would  not  let  George  burn  candles.  That 
would  cost  too  much.  George  would  build  a  fire  of 
his  pine  knots.  He  would  then  read  and  study  by 
its  light.     Sometimes  he  had  to  borrow  books. 

Other  boys  would  go  to  serenade  or  to  hunt  at  night. 
They  said  they  had  good  times  and  great  fun    They 

47 


48'         MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

would  beg  George  to  go  with  them,  but  he  thought 
this  would  be  wasting  time.  So  he  would  not  go. 
He  stayed  by  his  pine  knot  fire  with  his  books. 

He  did  his  carpenter  work  very  well  and  kept  at  it. 
His  master  liked  him  and  gave  him  a  chance  to  make 
some  money  for  himself.  George  saved  his  money. 
At  last  the  carpenter  thought  George  had  done 
enough  work  for  him.  So  he  set  George  free  long 
before  his  time  was  out. 

Young  Walton  took  his  books  and  what  money  he 
had  saved  and  came  to  Savannah.  There  he  studied 
law.    He  soon  became  a  good  lawyer. 

He  fought  in  the  Revolution.  Then  he  was  sent 
to  the  Congress  of  the  colonies.  George  Walton, 
Button  Guinnett,  and  Lyman  Hall  were  the  men  from 
Georgia  who  signed  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 
This  was  a  great  paper  that  said  all  the  colonies  were 
free  and  independent.  It  was  a  great  honor  to  have 
signed  this  paper.  Walton  was  sent  to  Congress  six 
times.  He  was  one  of  the  governors  of  Georgia. 
He  also  became  a  judge.  There  is  a  county  named 
for  each  of  the  men  who  signed  the  Declaration  of 
Independence. 

What  do  you  think  George  Walton  would  have 
been  if  he  had  not  studied  by  his  pine  knot  fire  ? 


THE  PEOPLE'S  FIRST  GOVERNOR 

After  the  Liberty  Boys  arrested  Sir  James  Wright, 
they  then  made  Archibald  Bulloch  governor.  They 
called  him  "president."  That  was  the  same  as 
"governor,"  at  that  time.  He  was  a  noble  patriot 
of  the  Revolution.  He  was  the  first  governor  that 
the  people  of  Georgia  elected  for  themselves.  Before 
that  time,  the  English  king  had  always  sent  them  a 
governor. 

Bulloch  thought  a  government  ought  to  be  for  the 
good  of  all  the  people.  He  thought  that  all  men 
should  have  equal  rights  in  the  state.  He  did  not 
think  the  people's  money  should  be  spent  for  fine 
dress  and  show  for  the  state's  officers. 

He  was  made  "president"  of  Georgia  in  1776. 
At  that  time,  Colonel  Lachlan  Mcintosh  was  in  com- 
mand of  the  Georgia  soldiers  at  Savannah.  Colonel 
Mcintosh  thought  that  he  would  compliment  the  new 
"president"  and  show  respect  for  him.  So  he  sent  a 
soldier  in  fine  uniform  to  stand  guard  at  the  door  of 
the  "president's"  house. 

Bulloch  did  not  like  this.    He  knew  it  was  meant 

49 


ARCHIBALD   BULLOCH 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME         5i 

to  honor  him  and  his  office,  but  he  said  that  he  was 
only  a  servant  of  the  people,  and  that  he  did  not  wish 
any  show  made  for  him.  So  he  politely  asked  Colonel 
Mcintosh  to  send  the  soldier  away. 

When  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  made, 
a  copy  of  it  was  sent  to  the  governor  of  each  state.  A 
copy  was  sent  to  Governor  Bulloch.  He  at  once  let 
the  people  know  the  good  news  that  they  were  free 
from  England.  They  then  gathered  at  the  Liberty 
Pole.  This  was  a  tall  pole  with  a  flag  at  the  top. 
It  stood  in  one  of  the  main  streets. 

The  people  were  shouting  and  making  gay  music 
Bulloch  got  on  a  high  place  and  read  the  Declaration 
to  them.  Bulloch  was  the  first  man  to  read  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  in  Georgia. 

Thirteen  salutes  were  fired  from  the  cannon  in 
honor  of  the  thirteen  states.  Great  crowds  of  men 
and  boys  marched  through  the  streets  to  the  sound  of 
fife  and  drum.  Then  they  had  a  great  dinner. 
Everybody  ate.  At  night  there  were  great  bonfires 
that  lit  up  the  whole  city.  The  people  were  glad  to  be 
free  from  England.  Georgia  was  then  an  independ- 
ent state. 

There  is  a  fine,  rich  county  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
state  that  is  named  for  Bullcch. 


"COME  AND  TAKE  IT" 

In  olden  times,  Sparta  was  a  city  across  the  sea  in 
Greece.  The  men  of  Sparta  were  very  brave  and 
warlike.  Leonidas,  the  King  of  Sparta,  was  once 
holding  a  narrow  pass  between  the  mountains  and 
the  sea.  This  pass  was  a  sort  of  gate  to  his  country. 
He  had  with  him  three  hundred  of  his  bold  Spartan 
soldiers. 

The  Persians  were  eager  to  march  through  this 
pass.  They  wanted  to  get  into  Greece  to  make  war 
on  the  people.  There  were  thousands  and  thousands 
of  the  Persians.  The  Persian  King  was  sure  the 
little  band  of  Spartans  would  be  afraid  of  his  great 
army,  so  he  sent  Leonidas  an  order  to  give  up  the 
pass.  Do  you  know  the  reply  of  Leonidas  ?  It  was 
only  these  words,  "Come  and  take  it."  That  was  a 
short  way  to  tell  the  Persians  that  they  would  have  to 
fight  for  the  pass  if  they  got  it. 

Now,  do  you  know  that  a  Georgia  soldier  once 
sent  a  reply  like  that?  His  name  was  John  Mcin- 
tosh.   He  was  of  a  famous  Scotch  family  that  had 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME         53 

made  its  home  in  Georgia.  He  was  a  brave  soldier 
in  the  time  of  the  Revolution. 

He  was  once  in  command  of  the  American  fort  at 
Sunbury.  The  British,  under  Colonel  Fuser,  came  to 
take  this  fort.  They  made  their  camps  all  about  the 
fort.  Now  and  then  they  would  fire  on  it  with  their 
cannon.  This  was  meant  to  frighten  Colonel  Mc- 
intosh and  his  Georgians.  It  was  kept  up  for  several 
days. 

At  last  Fuser  sent  Mcintosh  word  to  give  up  the 
fort  to  him.  Mcintosh  sent  back  the  bold  message : 
"Come  and  take  it."  Then  it  seemed  that  Fuser 
thought  that  he  did  not  very  much  want  the  fort, 
anyway.  At  any  rate,  he  did  not  try  to  take  it.  He 
soon  marched  away  with  his  red-coated  British 
soldiers. 

Later,  the  Georgia  Legislature  gave  Colonel  Mc- 
intosh a  beautiful  sword.  On  it  were  the  words: 
"Come  and  take  it."  Mcintosh  became  a  general. 
He  had  an  uncle,  General  Lachlan  Mcintosh,  who 
was  also  a  famous  soldier  in  the  Revolution. 

Mcintosh  County  is  named  for  this  family. 


HOW  SEVEN   CAPTURED   ONE   HUNDRED 
AND  FIFTY 

The  British  had  taken  Sunbury  and  Augusta. 
They  had  also  taken  Savannah  and  had  a  large  army 
there.  General  Prevost  was  in  command  of  the 
British  in  Savannah. 

General  Washington  sent  General  Lincoln  to  take 
Savannah  from  the  British.  When  Prevost  heard 
this,  he  sent  for  the  other  British  soldiers  in  Georgia 
to  come  and  help  him. 

At  Sunbury,  there  was  a  large  body  of  British. 
About  one  hundred  and  fifty  of  them  tried  to  sail  up 
the  coast  to  Savannah  in  five  small  ships,  but  the 
winds  were  against  them.  At  last  they  could  go  no 
farther  in  the  ships,  so  they  landed  about  fifteen 
miles  from  Savannah.  They  hoped  to  slip  into  the 
city  before  the  Americans  could  find  them,  but 
night  came  on  too  soon  for  them,  and  they  had  to 
camp  in  the  woods. 

Colonel  John  White  was  a  Georgia  soldier.  He 
found  out  where  the  British  were  camped  for  the 

54 


MAKERS   OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME  55 

night.  He  made  up  his  mind  that  he  would  take  them 
prisoners.  He  told  his  plans  to  the  other  American 
officers.  They  laughed  at  him,  but  he  did  not  care 
for  that.     He  tried  his  plan,  anyway. 

After  dark,  he  took  six  of  his  friends  and  went  near 
the  British  camp.  They  were  near  enough  to  see  the 
British  fires.     They  could  see  the  men  moving  about. 

Colonel  White  and  his  friends  then  built  a  long  line 
of  fires  as  though  a  large  number  of  men  were  in 
camp.  Then  he  and  his  men  moved  from  one  end  of 
this  line  of  fires  to  the  other.  They  got  on  their 
horses  and  rode  about  in  great  haste.  They  would 
gallop  the  whole  length  of  the  line.  They  gave 
orders  in  loud  tones  as  if  they  were  giving  commands 
to  several  hundred  men.  All  this  they  did  to  make 
the  British  think  that  a  large  army  was  there. 

At  last,  Colonel  White  rode  his  horse  at  full  speed 
into  the  British  camp.  He  rode  up  to  the  officer  who 
was  in  command.  "  Surrender !  Surrender  at  once ! ' ' 
he  shouted.  "Do  you  not  see  all  my  men  yonder? 
They  are  eager  to  fall  on  your  men.  I  have  held 
them  back  for  hours.  I  can't  keep  them  in  check 
much  longer.  Surrender  at  once,  or  they  will  kill 
you  all.*' 

At  this  moment,  one  of  White's  men  dashed  up  to 


56         MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

him.  "Where  shall  we  place  the  cannon,  sir?"  he 
said. 

"Wait,"  replied  White  to  him.  "Wait  awhile  to 
place  the  cannon.  The  British  will  surrender.  Go, 
send  me  six  guides." 

Colonel  White  had  made  his  plans  to  fool  the 
British.  Sure  enough,  they  were  fooled.  Their 
commander  thought  Colonel  White  had  a  large  body 
of  men  about  that  long  line  of  blazing  fires,  so  he 
handed  his  sword  to  White  and  said  he  would  sur- 
render. Then  the  soldiers  gave  up  their  guns. 
About  that  time.  White's  lone  six  men  came  up.  They 
pretended  to  be  the  guides  White  had  sent  for. 

White  took  charge  of  the  British  and  led  them  into 
the  American  camp.  The  officers  who  had  laughed 
at  his  plans  now  praised  his  deed.  Can  you  guess 
how  mad  the  British  were  when  they  saw  that  only 
seven  Americans  had  captured  one  hundred  and 
fifty  of  them  ? 

Georgia  has  a  county  named  for  this  Colonel  John 
White. 


A  BAREFOOT  CAPTAIN 

Benjamin  Taliaferro  joined  the  American  army 
when  he  was  about  sixteen  years  old.  At  first,  he 
was  a  lieutenant,  but  he  was  so  good  a  soldier,  that 
he  was  soon  made  a  captain. 

Taliaferro  was  in  General  George  Washington's 
army.  The  Americans  were  having  a  hard  time. 
They  did  not  have  many  men.  Even  these  some- 
times had  to  do  without  food,  and  sometimes  almost 
without  clothes. 

Often  as  they  marched  over  the  snow,  their  bare  feet 
left  tracks  of  blood. 

The  British  thought  that  they  were  going  to  whip 
the  Americans.  One  of  their  generals  said,  "At  last 
we  have  run  down  the  old  fox  and  we  shall  bag  him 
in  the  morning."  By  the  "old  fox,"  he  meant  Gen- 
eral Washington. 

But  they  did  not  catch  the  "old  fox."  Instead? 
during  the  night.  General  Washington  slipped  around 
behind  the  British  army.  When  day  came,  there  was 
the  "old  fox"  ready  for  a  fight.    The  British  General 

57 


58         MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

was  SO  surprised  he  did  not  know  what  to  do. 
General  Washington  began  a  battle  that  lasted  only 
twenty  minutes.  All  of  the  British  who  could,  soon 
ran  away,  but  some  of  them  were  captured. 

Tahaferro  and  his  men  took  a  company  of  British 
prisoners.  The  British  captain  of  this  company  was 
dressed  in  a  rich,  red  uniform.  He  looked  very 
fine.  He  called  for  the  American  captain.  He 
wanted  to  give  him  his  sword.  This  was  to  show  that 
he  had  surrendered  to  the  Americans. 

Captain  Taliaferro  had  on  no  shoes.  His  clothes 
were  torn  and  ragged.  He  was  brave  in  battle, 
but  he  was  ashamed  to  come  out  before  this  richly 
dressed  British  captain.  He  feared  that  the  British 
soldiers  would  laugh  at  his  ragged  clothes  and  bare 
feet,  but  soon  he  stepped  forward  and  took  the 
sword.  Then  he  and  his  men  marched  the  British 
away  to  prison.  The  British  soon  knew  that  they 
could  not  conquer  soldiers  who  would  fight  when 
they  had  few  clothes  and  little  food. 

Benjamin  Taliaferro  lived  in  Georgia  many  years. 
The  people  put  him  in  several  places  of  power  and 
trust.    They  also  named  a  county  for  him. 


THE  MAN  WHO  WENT  BACK  FOR  PULASKI 

Count  Pulaski  was  a  nobleman  who  came  from 
Poland.  He  fought  for  the  Americans  in  many 
battles  of  the  Revolution.  He  was  a  bold  leader 
of  a  legion  of  horsemen. 

Thomas  Glascock  was  one  of  the  captains  of 
Pulaski's  legion.  Glascock  was  a  Georgian.  His 
home  was  at  Augusta. 

The  Americans  tried  to  take  Savannah  from  the 
British.  Pulaski  and  his  legion  were  helping.  They 
laid  siege  to  the  city  for  many  days.  At  last  the 
Americans  made  a  great  attack  on  Savannah,  and  a 
fierce  battle  was  fought. 

Pulaski  rode  a  large  black  horse.  While  the  battle 
was  raging,  Pulaski  saw  an  opening  in  the  British 
ranks.  He  thought  that  would  be  a  good  place  to 
break  through.  He  hoped  that  he  might  charge 
through  this  and  win  the  battle,  so  he  put  himself 
at  the  head  of  his  men  and  called  on  them  to  follow 
him.  Then  the  lines  of  horsemen  dashed  forward, 
Glascock  among  the  rest.    Their  swords  glittered 

59 


6o  MAKERS   OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

in  the  sunlight  and  their  shouts  could  be  heard  far 
away.    On,  on,  they  rode,  fast  as  the  wind. 

But  the  British  were  ready  for  them.  When 
Pulaski  and  his  men  were  near  enough,  the  British 
cannon  boomed,  boomed,  on  them,  and  many  of  the 
bold  riders  fell  dead.  Pulaski  himself  was  shot. 
His  horse  reared,  and  the  Polish  leader  fell  to  the 
ground.  His  men  were  still  falling.  They  could  not 
stand  the  fire  from  the  cannon,  so  they  had  to  turn 
their  horses  and  run  away.  Pulaski  was  left  behind. 
They  thought  he  was  dead. 

Glascock  soon  found  that  Pulaski  had  been  shot 
and  left  behind.  He  at  once  rode  back.  Glascock 
meant  to  bring  him  away.  The  balls  were  flying 
and  whistling  and  screeching  on  all  sides.  It  seemed 
almost  certain  death  to  go  among  them.  Glascock 
dashed  ahead.  He  searched  everywhere  for  Pulaski. 
At  last  he  found  him.  He  was  still  alive.  Glascock 
tenderly  lifted  him  to  his  own  horse  and  carried 
him  out  of  the  way  of  danger,  but  Pulaski  could 
not  live,  for  he  was  hurt  too  badly.  He  died  and  was 
buried  in  the  sea,  not  far  from  Savannah. 

Glascock  lived  to  be  honored  by  Georgia  in  many 
ways.  There  is  a  county  named  for  Glascock  and 
one  for  Pulaski. 


ROBERT   SALLETTE 

Robert  Sallette  lived  in  Liberty  County,  but  he 
had  not  always  lived  there.  No  one  seemed  to  know 
where  he  came  from.  Not  much  was  known  about 
him. 

But  one  thing  was  certain.  Sallette  hated  the 
British  and  Tories.  He  fought  them  in  every  way 
he  could.  He  fought  them  so  hard  that  they  wanted 
him  out  of  the  way.  They  feared  him  very  much. 
So  a  rich  Tory  said  that  he  would  give  a  large  sum 
of  money  to  whoever  would  cut  off  Sallette 's  head 
and  bring  it  to  him. 

Sallette  thought  that  he  would  like  to  have  the 
money  for  himself,  so  he  got  a  bag  and  put  a 
pumpkin  in  it.  He  slung  the  bag  over  his  head  and 
went  to  the  Tory's  house.  Sallette  put  the  bag  on 
the  floor  so  that  it  struck  with  a  big  noise.  He  told 
the  Tory  that  he  had  brought  Sallette 's  head.  So  he 
had,  but  it  was  not  in  the  bag.  He  told  the  Tory  he 
wanted  the  money. 
.  The  Tory  had  never  seen  Sallette,  so  he  thought 

6i 


62  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

this  man  had  Sallette's  head  in  the  bag  on  the  floor 
before  him.  Then  he  counted  out  the  money  and 
put  it  on  the  table.  He  was  very  glad  to  think  that 
there  was  no  more  danger  from  Robert  Sallette. 
He  then  asked  the  man  to  show  him  the  head. 

Sallette  took  off  his  hat,  leaned  toward  the  Tory, 
tapped  himself  on  his  forehead  and  said,  "Here  is 
the  head  of  Robert  Sallette." 

The  Tory  was  so  frightened  that  he  did  not  wait  to 
look  at  it.     He  ran  with  all  his  might. 

Sallette  put  the  money  in  his  pocket  and  left.  He 
was  well  pleased  at  carrying  Sallette's  head  to  the 
Tory. 


THE  WAR  WOMAN 

Nancy  Hart  lived  in  Elbert  County  in  the  time  of 
the  Revolution.  She  was  tall,  large,  and  strong. 
She  had  a  hot  temper  and  feared  nothing. 

She  hated  the  British  and  Tories  with  all  her  heart, 
but  she  was  always  ready  to  help  the  American  sol- 
diers in  any  way  she  could.  She  would  give  them 
whatever  she  had  to  eat.  Sometimes  she  gave  the 
hungry  Americans  all  the  food  she  had  in  the  house. 

On  one  day,  five  Tories  came  to  her  house.  They 
asked  her  for  something  to  eat.  She  said  that  she 
had  nothing  left  but  an  old  turkey  gobbler.  She 
said  she  did  not  want  to  feed  Tories  anyway.  This 
made  them  angry.  One  of  them  shot  the  turkey 
and  told  her  to  cook  it  for  them. 
•  She  then  began  to  plan  some  way  to  get  even  with 
them.  She  went  to  work  to  cook  a  dinner  for  them. 
They  put  their  guns  down  in  a  comer.  Then  they 
seated  themselves  to  rest  and  talk.  She  laughed  and 
talked  with  them.    Soon  they  had  no  fear  of  her. 

At  last  she  had  the  dinner  ready.    The  Tories  were 

63 


64         MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

hungry.  They  sat  down  to  the  table  to  eat.  They 
were  soon  busy  with  the  old  gobbler.  Nancy  told 
her  daughter  to  go  to  the  spring  and  bring  some  fresh 
water.  She  also  made  a  sign  to  her  daughter  to  blow 
a  conch  shell  so  that  help  would  come.  The  Tories 
did  not  see  her  make  this  sign. 

While  the  Tories  were  eating,  Nancy  put  two  of 
their  guns  through  a  crack.  They  did  not  see  her  do 
this,  but  they  saw  her  when  she  tried  to  put  the 
third  one  through.  They  sprang  from  the  table  and 
tried  to  seize  her,  but  she  pointed  one  of  the  guns  at 
them.  She  told  them  to  stop.  She  said  she  would 
shoot  the  first  man  who  moved.  After  a  time  one  of 
them  stepped  toward  her.  She  shot  him  dead.  Then 
another  tried  to  get  to  her.     She  shot  him  also. 

Then  no  more  of  them  dared  try  to  come  toward 
her,  but  they  tried  to  make  friends  with  her.  They 
thought  she  might  still  let  them  have  their  guns  and 
they  would  get  away,  but  they  were  men  who  had 
killed  some  of  her  friends,  and  had  burned  their 
houses.  She  thought  they  were  not  true  to  their 
country  and  were  fighting  against  it,  so  she  hated 
them  too  much  to  let  them  get  away.  She  kept  the 
gun  pointed  at  the  Tories,  and  the  Tories  kept  their 
distance. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  65 

Soon  help  came.  Some  of  the  Liberty  Boys  had 
heard  the  conch  shell.  They  took  the  other  three 
Tories  and  hanged  them. 

Nancy  Hart  helped  the  Americans  a  great  deal. 
Hart  County  was  named  in  her  honor.  The  Indians 
named  a  creek  for  her.  They  called  it  War  Woman 
Creek. 


TAKEN  FOR  SPIES 

While  Georgia  was  in  the  hands  of  the  British, 
little  was  to  be  gained  in  the  state  by  fighting  them, 
there  were  so  many  of  them. 

So  John  Milledge  and  James  Jackson  made  up 
their  minds  to  go  together  to  General  Moultrie's  army 
in  South  Carolina.  They  were  each  about  twenty- 
one  years  of  age.  Their  clothes  were  very  ragged  and 
they  had  no  shoes.     Times  were  hard  in  Georgia. 

There  was  danger  from  Indians,  Tories,  and 
British  in  every  nook  and  comer  of  the  woods.  They 
did  not  know  what  moment  an  Indian  would  fire  at 
them  from  behind  some  rock  or  tree.  They  could 
imagine  Tories  and  British  everywhere,  ready  to  take 
them  and  kill  them,  but  they  went  on.  They  wanted 
to  help  General  Moultrie  in  his  battles  against  the 
British. 

They  crossed  the  Savannah  River  into  South 
Carolina.  Not  far  from  the  river,  some  men  came  up 
in  front  of  them,  and  shouted,  "Halt!"  Milledge 
and  Jackson  were  not  frightened.    They  thought 

66 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME         67 

these  men  were  friends.  They  could  see  from  their 
uniforms  that  the  men  were  American  soldiers. 
As  Milledge  and  Jackson  were  American  soldiers, 
they  thought  they  had  nothing  to  fear. 

But  these  Americans  were  looking  for  some 
British  spies.  They  did  not  know  the  two  young 
men  they  had  met.  They  thought  Milledge  and 
Jackson  looked  like  some  spies  of  whom  they  had 
heard,  so  the  American  soldiers  said,  "You  are  the 
spies  we  have  been  hunting." 

"No,"  replied  the  young  men.  "We  are  not  spies. 
We  are  soldiers  from  Georgia,  and  we  are  going  now 
to  join  the  army  of  General  Moultrie." 

The  men  did  not  believe  Milledge  and  Jackson. 
They  said  to  them,  "We  are  sure  you  are  spies,  and 
we  are  going  to  hang  you." 

The  two  young  men  did  not  fear  death  so  much 
as  they  dreaded  the  shame  of  being  hung  for  spies, 
so  they  begged  for  their  lives.  Still  the  soldiers 
would  not  believe  them,  and  began  to  get  ready  to 
hang  them. 

By  chance,  just  at  that  time,  a  Major  Devaux  came 
up.  He  knew  the  soldiers.  He  also  knew  Milledge 
and  Jackson.  He  told  the  soldiers  that  the  two 
young  men  were  Americans  like  themselves,  and 


68         MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

that  they  were  good  patriots.  Thus  their  lives  were 
saved,  and  they  found  themselves  among  friends. 
Then  they  went  on  and  joined  General  Moultrie's 
army. 

Both  these  young  men  lived  through  the  war- 
Each  was  in  time  made  Governor  of  Georgia.  The 
city  of  Milledgeville  was  named  for  John  Milledge. 
He  it  was  who  gave  the  land  upon  which  the  State 
University  at  Athens  stands. 


GENERAL  ELIJAH  CLARKE 

Elijah  Clarke  lived  on  a  farm  in  Wilkes  County. 
When  the  Revolution  began  he  joined  the  American 
army.  He  was  made  a  colonel,  and  soon  got  into  a 
battle.  He  was  shot  in  the  leg.  Then  he  had  to  go 
home  till  he  could  be  well  again. 

Soon  the  British  and  Tories  began  to  kill  and  rob 
the  people  of  Georgia.  Clarke  heard  this  news. 
He  at  once  buckled  on  his  sword,  and  took  his  rifle 
down  from  over  the  door,  and  mounted  his  horse. 
Then  he  rode  day  and  night.  He  was  getting  the 
patriots  together  to  fight  the  British.  He  soon  had  a 
band  of  one  hundred  brave  Georgians.  They  were 
horsemen  and  carried  long  rifles. 

These  men  lived  most  of  their  time  in  the  woods 
and  swamps.  They  did  not  often  sleep  in  a  house. 
They  feared  they  would  be  taken  prisoners.  They 
had  to  suffer  from  hunger,  thirst,  and  cold.  They 
fought  the  enemy  whenever  they  could,  and  whipped 
the  British  in  a  bloody  battle  at  Kettle  Creek. 

This  life  was  so  hard  that  many  of  Colonel  Clarke's 

men  left  him.    Once  there  were  only  twenty.    He 

69 


r 

A 

H^^«#Hte|: 

^M 

Br  ^  •'        1 

^^H 

^^^^    '^'■<«aM«^.                                      f 

% 

^ 

I 
I 

J   : 

EUJAH   CLARKE 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  71 

went  to  work  and  soon  raised  the  number  to  three 
hundred.  Then  he  tried  to  take  Augusta  from  the 
British.  He  failed,  but  he  got  more  men  and  tried 
again.    This  time  they  took  it. 

During  the  war,  Clarke  was  wounded  four  times. 
Then  he  had  smallpox.  He  was  sick  with  it  for  six 
weeks,  but  each  time,  as  soon  as  he  was  able  to 
mount  his  horse,  he  would  fight  the  British  again. 

Once  he  was  taken  prisoner.  Two  soldiers  were 
set  to  guard  him.  He  knocked  one  of  them  down 
with  his  fist.  The  other  ran.  Thus  Clarke  got  away 
and  went  to  his  own  men.  He  did  a  great  deal  to 
take  care  of  the  women  and  children.  His  own  wife 
and  daughter  were  driven  from  home  by  the  Tories. 
They  had  only  one  poor  little  horse  to  go  on.  They 
did  not  go  far  before  this  was  taken  from  them.  This 
made  Clarke  very  angry. 

Once  over  four  hundred  women  and  children  came 
to  him  for  help.  They  begged  him  to  lead  them  to  a 
safe  place.  He  carried  them  into  Kentucky  where 
there  were  no  British  and  Tories. 

Clarke  was  one  of  Georgia's  greatest  heroes.  He 
became  a  general  in  the  Revolution.  It  would  take  a 
whole  book  to  tell  of  all  his  brave  deeds.  There  is  a 
fine  county  named  for  him. 


JAMES   JACKSON 


JAMES  JACKSON 

James  Jackson  was  not  bom  in  Georgia,  but  in 
England.  He  lived  there  till  he  was  about  fifteen 
years  old.  Then  his  father  sent  him  to  Savannah 
to  live  with  John  Wereat.  This  was  a  good  home 
for  him,  for  Wereat  was  one  of  Georgia's  great 
men.  He  sent  young  Jackson  to  the  best  schools  in 
Savannah.  He  also  gave  him  a  chance  to  study 
law. 

Jackson  was  a  good  pupil  and  did  well  in  all  his 
studies.  In  time  he  grew  to  be  a  fine  young  man. 
Then  he  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution.  He  helped 
Colonel  Clarke  take  Augusta.  As  they  could  not  at 
first  take  this  city,  they  had  to  wait  for  more  men  to 
help  them.  It  was  several  weeks  before  help  came 
from  South  Carolina. 

Some  of  the  Georgia  soldiers  served  out  their  time 
while  they  were  waiting.  Then  they  wanted  to  go 
home.  They  were  ragged  and  hungry  and  tired  of 
war,  but  they  stayed  on  because  they  loved  Colonel 
Clarke. 

73 


74  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

After  a  time  Clarke  became  ill  with  smallpox. 
Then  these  soldiers  said  they  would  leave  the  army 
and  go  home.  The  officer  who  was  in  Colonel 
Clarke's  place  could  do  nothing  with  them.  He 
begged  and  made  threats,  but  that  did  not  change 
their  minds.  Then  he  asked  Jackson  to  help  him. 
Jackson  said,  "  Get  the  men  together  and  let  me  talk 
to  them." 

So  the  soldiers  were  called  together  in  a  large  open 
space  in  the  camp.  Then  Jackson  rode  up  in  front 
of  their  lines.  They  looked  very  cross  and  angry. 
When  he  began  to  speak,  they  hooted  and  jeered. 
But  he  did  not  scold  nor  abuse  them.  Then  they 
listened  to  him.  He  told  them  that  the  British  were 
holding  a  part  of  Georgia,  their  own  state.  He  said 
to  them,  "You  are  brave  men,  and  you  must  be 
heroes  and  stay  and  fight  to  take  Augusta  from  the 
British."  He  spoke  to  them  so  well  that  soon  they 
were  pleased.  They  threw  up  their  hats  and  caps 
and  gave  him  a  loud,  glad  cheer. 

When  they  were  quiet  again,  Jackson  asked  all  who 
would  stay  to  hold  up  their  hands.  The  hand  of 
every  man  went  up.  They  kept  their  promise  to 
Jackson.  They  stayed  and  fought  till  Augusta  was 
taken. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA  S  NAME  AND  FAME  75 

Jackson  and  his  men  fought  hard  for  Georgia. 
When  the  Revolution  ended,  the  British  gave  up 
Savannah  to  General  Anthony  Wayne,  Wayne 
said,  "The  keys  of  the  city  must  be  handed  not  to 
myself,  but  to  my  young  brother  officer,  Colonel 
James  Jackson."  General  Wayne  said  that  Jack- 
son had  done  more  than  any  other  man  to  take 
Savannah. 

So  the  ke3^  were  handed  to  Jackson,  and  he  was 
the  first  Georgian  to  go  riding  into  the  city  after  it 
was  given  up. 

Jackson  also  served  the  state  well  after  the  war  was 
over.     Jackson  County  is  named  in  his  honor. 


KATE 

Stephen  Heard  was  one  of  Clarke's  riflemen.  He 
was  in  a  good  many  fights.  Later  he  became  a 
Governor  of  Georgia.  Heard  County  bears  his 
name. 

In  the  Revolution,  Heard  had  a  big  gray  horse. 
Its  feet  were  white.  So  Heard  called  his  horse 
Silver-Heels.  Wherever  there  was  fighting,  there 
might  be  found  Heard  and  Silver-Heels.  This 
horse  could  run  very  fast,  and  more  than  once  saved 
Heard's  life. 

But  one  time,  neither  of  them  was  fast  enough, 
and  Heard  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  Tories.  They 
carried  him  to  Augusta.  There  they  gave  him  up  to 
the  British  commander  of  the  fort.  The  British 
officers  tried  Heard  for  fighting  against  King  George. 
They  said  that  Heard  must  be  hung.  But  they  did 
not  hang  him  at  once.  He  was  kept  in  the  British 
camp  several  days. 

His  wife  and  children  were  at  home.    They  were 

very  sad  when  they  were  told  that  he  was  to  be 
76 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  77 

hung.  They  did  not  know  what  to  do  to  save  his 
Hfe. 

Heard  owned  a  large,  strong  negro  woman,  named 
Kate.  The  whole  family  had  great  faith  in  Kate. 
She  told  them  not  to  grieve.  "He  ain't  dead  yit," 
she  said.  "I  gwine  go  to  de  Gusty  and  git  Massa 
Stephen  away  from  dem  Britishers." 

So  Kate  went  to  Augusta.  There  she  hired  herseK 
to  the  British  commander  to  wait  upon  him  and  to 
wash  for  the  officers  She  did  her  work  well  and  she 
was  very  polite.  They  all  liked  Kate.  It  was  not 
long  before  they  would  let  her  go  where  she  pleased 
about  the  fort. 

But  the  British  soon  found  out  that  Kate  was 
Heard's  slave.  They  did  not  send  her  away,  for  they 
liked  her  work  too  well.  They  did  not  think  of  her 
being  able  to  help  Heard  to  get  away  from  them. 

The  British  soldiers  like  to  tease  Kate.  They 
would  tell  her  that  her  master  was  going  to  be  shot 
for  a  spy.  She  told  them  that  when  that  was  done, 
they  ought  to  catch  some  of  his  blood  and  drink 
it.  She  said  it  would  make  braver,  better  men  of 
them. 

Kate  waited  ajid  watched  for  her  chance.  At  last 
one  day  she  had  a  great  lot  of  clothes  to  wash.     She 


78  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

was  going  to  take  them  outside  the  fort  to  wash  them. 
She  had  a  wheelbarrow  on  which  to  carry  them. 

When  no  one  was  looking,  she  made  Heard  get  on 
the  wheelbarrow.  She  piled  clothes  over  him.  She 
hid  him  under  the  clothes.  Then  she  rolled  the 
clothes  outside,  Heard  under  them.  It  was  a  heavy 
load  for  her,  but  Kate  was  strong.  She  rolled  them 
OH  and  on.  At  last  she  had  her  load  out  of  sight  of 
the  soldiers  at  the  fort.  Then  she  took  the  clothes 
off  and  Heard  was  free.  He  was  very  glad,  too. 
Kate  left  her  washing,  and  went  home  to  tell  the  good 
news. 

The  next  day  Heard  was  helping  Clarke  fight  the 
British  again.  He  was  careful  not  to  be  taken 
prisoner  any  more. 

Then  Heard  told  Kate  that  she  might  be  free,  but 
she  said  she  did  not  want  to  be  free.  She  wanted  to 
stay  "at  home"  with  her  master  and  his  folks.  Kate 
lived  to  be  very  old.  She  was  always  loved  by  the 
Heards. 


THE   FAITHFUL   BROTHER 

The  first  time  Clarke  tried  to  take  Augusta,  help 
came  to  the  British.  Then  they  swarmed  out  of  the 
fort  and  tried  to  take  the  Georgians.  There  were  so 
many  of  the  British  and  Tories  that  the  Georgians 
had  to  run  away  or  be  killed. 

Many  of  Clarke's  men  had  been  wounded.  These 
could  not  be  carried  away.  So  they  were  taken 
prisoners. 

In  Clarke's  army,  were  two  brothers.  Their  name 
was  Glass.  One  of  them  was  fifteen  years  old,  and 
the  other  was  seventeen.  They  were  very  young 
soldiers. 

Both  of  these  boys  fought  well.  They  did  their 
best.  In  the  fight,  the  older  brother  was  shot  in 
his  legs.  He  was  crippled  so  that  he  could  not 
walk. 

The  younger  brother  was  not  hurt.  He  could  have 
got  away,  but  he  loved  his  brother  and  would  not 
leave  him.  He  took  him  on  his  back  and  tried  to 
carry  him  away  from  danger.     But  the  older  one  was 

79 


8o  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME 

large  and  he  was  small.  The  little  fellow  could  not 
carry  him  fast  enough.  So  the  British  soldiers  made 
them  both  prisoners,  and  took  them  into  the  fort. 

The  commander  of  the  fort  was  a  Tory.  He  was 
a  very  cruel  man.  He  wanted  to  see  some  of  the 
Georgians  suffer.  So  he  had  thirteen  of  the  wounded 
soldiers  killed.  Among  these  were  the  two  brothers. 
Thus  the  younger  of  them  gave  up  his  life  in  trying 
to  save  that  of  the  older. 


THE   MAN   WHO   SAVED   THE   RECORDS 

The  records  of  the  state  are  accounts  of  the  acts 
of  its  officers.  Such  records  are  kept  in  large  books. 
The  records  of  a  state  are  worth  a  great  deal  in  many 
ways. 

Once  it  was  feared  that  the  British  would  destroy 
the  records  of  Georgia.  So  Captain  John  Milton  took 
them  and  carried  them  to  Charleston  in  South  Caro- 
lina. He  put  them  in  a  safe  place  there.  He  then 
went  back  to  the  army. 

Soon  the  British  began  to  get  ready  to  take  Charles- 
ton. Then  the  records  were  in  danger  again.  So 
Milton  asked  to  be  sent  to  move  them  to  some  other 
safe  place.  He  wanted  to  take  care  of  them.  He 
moved  them  this  time  in  wagons  to  Newbem  in 
North  Carolina.  Charleston  was  taken  by  the 
British  soon  afterwards.  This  showed  that  Milton 
had  been  right  to  move  them  away. 

A  third  time  the  records  were  in  danger.  Then 
Milton  moved  them  to  Maryland.  There  he  left 
them  till  it  was  safe  for  him  to  bring  them  back  to 

Si 


82  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

Georgia.  Milton  had  saved  the  records  three  times. 
He  had  thus  done  the  state  a  great  service. 

The  British  once  took  Milton  prisoner.  They 
carried  him  to  St.  Augustine  in  Florida.  There  they 
put  him  in  a  dungeon.  A  dungeon  is  a  close,  dark 
room  of  a  prison.  It  is  under  the  ground.  In  this 
dismal  place,  Milton  lay  for  nine  months.  In  all  this 
time,  he  hardly  saw  the  light  of  day.  You  may  be 
sure  he  was  glad  to  get  out  and  come  home  to  Georgia. 

Captain  Milton  was  Georgia's  first  Secretary  of 
State.  He  was  given  the  office  three  times.  When 
the  time  came  to  elect  a  President,  the  Georgia  vote 
was  given  to  Milton.  A  county  is  named  in  his 
honor. 


EDWARD  TELFAIR 

One  of  the  finest  sights  in  Savannah  is  the  Telfair 
Art  Gallery.  The  building  is  a  large  one.  It  is  set 
in  beautiful  grounds,  and  in  it  are  many  elegant 
statues  and  grand  pictures. 

Edward  Telfair  was  bom  in  Scotland.  When  he 
was  a  young  man,  he  came  to  Georgia.  He  was  one 
of  the  Liberty  Boys  who  helped  Habersham  to  take 
the  British  powder.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Congress  of  the  colonies.  He  grew  rich  through 
trade.  When  he  died,  he  left  his  money  to  his 
daughters.  They  gave  a  part  of  it  to  build  the 
Telfair  Art  gallery. 

Telfair  was  Governor  of  Georgia  when  President 

George    Washington     visited    the   state    in    1791. 

Washington  came  first  to  Savannah.     Many  people 

went  there  to  see  him.   After  that  he  went  to  Augusta, 

which  was  then  the  capital  of  Georgia.     Some  men 

on   horseback  traveled   with  him  up  through  the 

country  from  Savannah  to  Augusta. 

Governor  Telfair  and  some  of  the  people  rode 

"83 


84 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 


out  to  meet  Washington  and  make  him  welcome. 
Telfair  had  a  large,  beautiful  home  near  Augusta. 
It  was  called  "The  Grove."  Here  he  entertained 
Washington  while  he  stayed  in  Georgia. 

The  Governor  took  Washington  and  his  party  to 
visit  Richmond  Academy.     This  was  a  fine  school  in 


TELFAIR  ACADEMY  OF  ARTS   AND   SCIENCES 


Augusta.  They  heard  some  speeches  while  at  the 
school.  Washington  liked  the  speeches.  He  wTote 
down  the  names  of  the  speakers.  When  he  went 
back  home,  he  sent  each  of  them  a  nice  book.  He 
also  wrote  Governor  Telfair  a  good  letter.  In  it  the 
President  thanked  Telfair  and  the  Georgia  j^eople 
for  treating  him  so  well. 

While  Telfair  was  Govemc  r,  a  man  named  Chis- 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME  8$ 

holm  sued  the  state.  The  court  decided  in  favor  of 
Chisholm.  Telfair  did  not  think  any  man  should 
have  the  right  to  sue  the  state,  so  he  said  that  he 
would  lock  up  any  officer  who  tried  to  carry  out  the 
judgment  of  the  court. 

It  was  a  vexing  question.  So  to  settle  it  forever, 
the  United  States  took  a  hand  in  the  matter.  It  was 
then  written  down  in  the  Constitution  of  our  country 
that  no  citizen  should  have  the  right  to  sue  any  state. 
This  all  came  about  from  Telfair's  strong  will. 

Georgia  has  named  a  county  in  his  honor. 


'    A  YOUNG  INDIAN  FIGHTER 

George  Matthews  was  bom  in  Virginia.  Even 
when  he  was  a  boy,  he  was  very  brave.  One  day 
he  and  some  other  boys  heard  guns  firing.  They 
thought  there  was  a  shooting  match  at  the  house  of 
a  neighbor. 

They  got  on  their  horses,  and  rode  to  their  neigh- 
bor's house.  It  was  not  a  shooting  match.  The 
Indians  had  come  and  killed  all  the  family  at  that 
house. 

When  George  and  the  other  boys  rode  up,  they  saw 
the  dead  bodies  lying  in  the  yard.  The  boys  were 
scared.  They  turned  their  horses,  and  ran  away 
from  the  place.  They  had  no  guns  to  fight  the 
Indians  with.  . 

They  did  not  run  away  too  quickly.  The  Indians 
had  hidden  themselves,  so  that  they  could  kill  anyone 
else  who  might  come.  As  the  boys  ran,  the  Indians 
fired.  Some  of  the  bullets  came  very  close.  One 
came  so  close  that  it  cut  George's  cue  off.  In  those 
days,  the  men  and  boys  wore  their  hair  long.     They 

86 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S   NAME  AND  FAME 

wore  it  in  a  long  plait  calle  a  cue.  The  boys  made 
their  horses  run  faster  than  ever. 

George  got  away  without  any  other  harm  to  him- 
self. But  he  was  very  angry  with  the  Indians.  He 
got  some  men  to  go  with  him  to  try  to  find 
these  bad  Indians.  Soon  they  overtook  them  and 
there  was  a  fight.  They  killed  nine  of  the  Indians. 
George  fought  as  bravely  as  any  of  the  men. 

When  Matthews  was  older,  he  became  a  great 
Indian  fighter.  He  also  fought  in  the  Revolution, 
and  became  a  general.  After  he  settled  in  Georgia, 
he  was  twice  Governor  of  the  state.  He  was  also 
sent  to  Congress  by  the  people. 


THE  GUN  THAT  FAILED  TO  FIRE 

David  Emanuel  lived  in  Burke  County.  Just 
south  of  Burke  is  another  large,  rich  county  that  bears 
the  name  of  Emanuel.  The  people  once  made  David 
Emanuel  Governor  of  the  state.  During  the  Revolu- 
tion, he  was  very  busy  fighting  the  British  and  Tories 
in  Georgia.  Once  he  and  two  friends  were  taken 
prisoners  by  some  Tories.  They  were  carried  away. 
They  did  not  know  what  was  to  be  done  with  them. 

The  Tories  stopped  when  they  came  to  a  creek. 
They  talked  for  a  time  about  what  they  should  do 
with  Emanuel  and  the  other  two  men.  They  said 
the  prisoners  would  be  in  their  way  if  they  tried  to 
keep  them.  They  said  it  would  not  do  to  let  Emanuel 
and  his  friends  go,  for  then  they  would  be  fighting 
the  British  and  Tories  again.  After  awhile,  the 
Tories  thought  the  easiest  thing  to  do  would  be  to 
shoot  their  prisoners.  Besides,  the  Tories  could  have 
the  clothes  of  the  three  friends  if  they  were  killed. 
So  the  Tories  said  they  would  shoot  them. 

It  was  a  dark  night.  The  Tories  built  a  big  fire. 
They  then  named  three  of  their  number  to  do  the 

88 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME  89 

shooting.  A  big  negro  was  to  shoot  Emanuel.  He 
was  to  have  Emanuel's  clothes  for  killing  him. 

When  all  was  ready,  the  three  men  were  stripped. 
Then  they  were  made  to  stand  near  the  fire,  where 
they  could  be  easily  seen.  The  men  who  were  to 
shoot  them  next  stepped  out  with  their  guns,  and 
took  their  places.  Then  the  command,  "Fire,"  was 
given.  Two  of  the  guns  fired,  and  Emanuel's  friends 
fell  dead.  But  the  negro's  gun  did  not  fire  and 
Emanuel  was  not  hurt. 

He  did  not  wait  for  the  negro  to  fix  his  gun  to  shoot 
at  him  again.  He  quickly  leaped  over  the  fire,  and 
ran  off  as  fast  as  his  legs  could  carry  him.  He  did  not 
get  far  before  a  vine  tripped  him,  and  he  fell  into  a 
bog  of  soft  mud.  Into  this  he  sunk  almost  to  his 
neck.  The  Tories  were  coming  close  behind  him. 
He  kept  very  still.  They  whooped  and  shouted  and 
hunted  for  him  everywhere.  Some  of  the  Tories 
almost  stepped  on  him. 

In  hunting  for  him,  they  got  some  distance  away. 
Then  he  pulled  himself  out  of  the  mud  and  ran  off. 
He  did  not  waste  any  time,  and  was  socn  lost  to  the 
Tories  in  the  woods.  He  got  safely  away,  and  went 
home.  After  that  the  Tories  tried  to  catch  him  again, 
but  they  never  did. 


AN  INDIAN  ATTACK 

Every  year  the  British  would  send  beads,  ear-rings, 
finger-rings,  knives,  guns,  shot,  powder,  cloth,  and 
other  presents  to  the  Indians  in  Georgia.  The  red 
men  were  very  proud  to  have  such  things,  and  they 
thought  very  highly  of  the  English  people.  So  the 
Indians  fought  for  the  British  in  the  Revolution. 
Even  after  the  war  was  over,  they  would  not  leave  off 
killing  the  Georgia  people. 

Soon  after  the  war,  a  man  whose  name  was  William 
Tyner  lived  in  Elbert  County.  His  wife  and  five 
children  lived  with  him.  Mary  and  Tamar  were  the 
two  oldest  children.  A  boy  named  Noah  was  next. 
Then  there  was  a  smaller  one,  and  last,  the  baby. 

One  day  Tyner  was  away  from  home.  The  In- 
dians came  and  attacked  his  wife  and  children.  As 
there  was  no  one  to  help  them,  the  Indians  soon  killed 
the  mother.  They  dashed  the  baby's  head  against 
a  tree,  and  scattered  its  brains  in  the  yard.  They 
scalped  the  next  little  fellow  and  left  him  for  dead. 

While  all  this  was  going  on,  Noah  slipped  away 
90 


MAKERS   OF   GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME  91 

and  hid  himself  in  a  hollow  tree.  The  Indians  did 
not  find  him.  For  many  years  people  called  this 
tree,  "Noah's  Ark." 

The  Indians  carried  Mary  and  Tamar  away  alive. 
They  kept  these  girls  with  them  till  they  grew  to  be 
women.  They  made  Mary  and  Tamar  work  for 
them.  The  two  girls  had  to  bring  wood  and  water 
for  the  Indians.  They  hoed  the  com,  dressed  the 
buckskins,  and  cooked  for  the  red  men. 

After  a  long  time,  a  man  who  went  among  the 
Indians  to  trade,  Saw  Mary  and  Tamar.  He  easily 
bought  Mary  from  them.  He  tried  to  buy  Tamar, 
too,  but  they  would  not  sell  her.  ,So  then  he  took 
Mary  and  carried  her  back  home  to  her  people. 

And  so  Tamar  was  now  left  alone  among  the  In- 
dians. They  soon  began  to  think  that  she  was  mak- 
ing plans  to  get  away  from  them,  so  they  thought 
they  would  tie  her  to  a  stake,  and  bum  her  alive. 

There  was  one  old  Indian  woman  who  loved 
Tamar.  She  found  out  that  the  other  Indians  meant 
to  bum  the  white  woman.  The  old  squaw  did  not 
want  Tamar  to  be  bumed,  so  one  night  after  all 
were  asleep,  she  awoke  Tamar.  She  quietly  led 
her  down  to  the  river  and  gave  her  a  canoe.  Food 
had  already  been  put  in  the  little  boat.    The  old 


99  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

Indian  squaw  told  Tamar  how  to  go  down  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  and  then  said,  "Good-by. 
Now  go." 

Tamar  did  not  wait,  but  swiftly  paddled  away. 
Down  the  river  she  went,  till  day  came.  Then  she 
hid  herself  and  her  canoe  in  the  thick  bushes  at  the 
edge  of  the  water.  Then,  when  night  came,  she 
again  paddled  down  the  river.  This  she  kept  up, 
day  after  day,  and  night  after  night. 

As  she  paddled  down  the  river,  she  could  hear 
owls  hoot  and  bears  howl.  Often  she  heard  huge 
alligators  bellow  by  the  water's  edge.  Sometimes 
she  heard  the  far-away  shouts  of  Indians  in  the 
woods.  All  this  only  made  her  go  the  faster.  On, 
on,  she  would  paddle,  till  she  could  see  the  light  of 
day.  Then  she  would  hide  herself  till  night.  Then, 
on  again. 

In  this  way,  she  at  last  reached  Appalachicola  Bay. 
There  she  was  taken  on  board  a  ship,  and  carried  to 
Savannah.  Then  she  soon  reached  her  home  again. 
Her  life  with  the  Indians  was  over. 


A   DARING    SCOUT 

David  Adams  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution. 
He  was  also  a  bold  fighter  in  the  war  with  the  Creek 
Indians.  He  was  a  leader  and  a  scout.  A  scout  is 
a  man  who  is  sent  to  learn  secretly  all  about  the  army 
of  the  enemy.  Adams  was  a  good  scout.  In  time, 
he  became  a  general. 

The  Creeks  would  cross  the  Chattahoochee  River 
into  the  white  men's  country.  One  dark  night,  they 
crossed  the  river  and  crept  upon  the  white  settle- 
ments, while  the  people  slept.  They  killed  numbers 
of  the  people,  burned  their  houses,  and  drove  off  a 
great  many  of  their  horses  and  cows.  They  then 
went  back  across  the  river  to  one  of  their  own  villages. 
Here  their  friends  and  their  wives  and  children  were 
waiting  for  them. 

Adams  soon  got  together  a  few  hundred  men,  and 
followed  the  Indians.  These  men  had  never  fought 
in  a  battle.  Besides,  there  were  not  nearly  so  many 
of  them  as  there  were  of  the  Indians,  so  Adams 
thought  it  would  not  be  best  to  fight  an  open  battle. 

93 


94  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

He  thought  that  it  would  be  better  to  wait  till  he  could 
surprise  them,  so  he  did  not  lead  his  men  near  the 
Indians  till  they  had  crossed  the  river. 

It  was  almost  night  when  the  Indians  reached  their 
village.  The  other  Indians  shouted  and  whooped 
with  joy.  They  were  glad  to  see  their  friends  come 
home  with  so  much  plunder  and  so  many  horses 
and  cows.  They  liked  best  of  all  to  see  the  warriors 
with  the  scalps  of  the  white  men  hung  at  their  belts. 

The  sun  soon  went  down.  The  Indians  built  big 
fires.  Then  they  gathered  around  the  bright  lights, 
and  began  to  dance  and  howl  and  yell.  The  braves 
would  tell  of  their  great  deeds  in  fighting  the  white 
men.  The  women  and  children  sang,  the  dogs 
barked,  and  the  woods  echoed  the  noise,  again  and 
again. 

While  all  this  was  going  on,  Adams  and  his  men 
came  to  the  river.  They  could  look  across  the  water 
and  see  the  Indians  as  they  danced  and  whooped. 
The  white  men  waited  till  the  Indians  should  be 
weary  of  the  dance. 

The  warriors  kept  up  their  dance  till  late  in  the 
night.  But  at  last  the  fires  went  out  and  the  Indians 
lay  down  to  sleep.  Then,  after  a  time,  all  was  still 
and  quiet. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME  95 

Now  was  the  time  to  strike  a  blow  at  the  red  men. 
But  Adams  and  his  men  did  not  know  a  way  across 
the  river.  Some  one  would  have  to  find  a  way. 
Adams  did  not  sendsome  one  else.  He  went  him- 
self. He  followed  a  trail  into  the  river.  But  when 
he  got  into  the  cold,  black  water,  he  could  hardly 
tell  which  way  he  ought  to  go.  In  some  places,  the 
water  was  only  knee-deep,  but  in  others,  it  was  up  to 
his  chin.  The  bottom  was  very  slippery.  He  could 
hardly  stand  in  the  water.  But  he  went  on  and  at  last 
got  across. 

He. found  so  many  paths,  he  did  not  know  which  to 
take.  He  took  one  that  led  him  below  the  village. 
But  he  turned  and  came  back  when  he  found  that  he 
had  gone  wrong. 

He  soon  found  himself  on  the  edge  of  the  village. 
He  stopped  to  listen.  You  may  be  sure  he  made  no 
more  noise  than  he  could  help.  He  knew  the  Indians 
would  kill  him  if  they  found  him.  He  could  not  hear 
an  Indian  move.  So  he  thought  they  were  all  asleep. 
Then  he  crept  into  the  village.  The  red  men  were 
lying  everywhere,  asleep.  They  had  their  guns  and 
tomahawks  near,  so  they  could  reach  them  quickly. 

Adams  went  all  through  the  village.  He  looked 
over  it  well  to  see  where  would  be  the  best  place  to 


96  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

attack  it.  As  he  was  creeping  along,  one  big  Indian 
moved  himself.  Adams  quickly  lay  down.  The 
Indian  raised  himself  on  his  elbow,  took  his  gun  in  his 
hand,  and  looked  all  about.  He  did  not  see  Adams 
and  soon  he  was  asleep  again.    Then  Adams  went  on. 

When  Adams  started  back  to  the  river,  he  saw  a 
pony.  He  thought  he  would  take  the  pony  and  cross 
the  river  on  it.  But  when  he  went  up  to  the  pony,  he 
frightened  it.  It  broke  its  rope  and  ran  off.  It  had 
a  bell  on  its  neck  that  rattled  and  made  a  loud 
noise.  This  woke  the  braves,  the  women,  the  chil- 
dren, and  the  dogs.  They  all  sprang  up,  and  the 
woods  were  quickly  filled  with  their  yells,  whoops, 
and  barks. 

Adams  started  to  run,  but  he  was  caught  in  the 
briers  and  vines  and  lost  his  way.  So  he  stopped  still 
and  waited.  The  Indians  did  not  find  him.  At  last 
all  was  quiet  once  more.  Then  he  went  to  the  river 
and  crossed  again  to  his  men. 

He  told  them  what  had  happened.  Then  he  led 
them  across  the  river.  They  went  quietly  up  to  the 
village.  The  fighting  began,  but  it  did  not  last  long. 
Hardly  an  Indian  was  left  alive  except  the  women  and 
children.  Thus  they  were  punished  for  killing  and 
plundering  the  white  people. 


THE    MAN    WHO    MADE    A    STEAMBOAT 

Soon  after  the  Revolution,  there  lived  in  Augusta 
a  man  whose  name  was  William  Longstreet.  He  was 
a  quiet,  shy  man,  but  he  loved  fun,  and  liked  to  have 
a  good  laugh. 

Some  of  his  friends  thought  his  mind  could  not  be 
quite  right,  he  had  such  strange  ideas.  He  was 
always  thinking  and  talking  of  a  thing  that  could 
never  be  done.  This  queer  man  thought  that  a  boat 
could  be  built  to  run  by  steam.  His  friends  said  that 
such  a  boat  could  never  be  made. 

Longstreet  even  began  to  try  to  make  such  a  boat. 
He  did  not  have  enough  money  to  buy  the  iron  and 
steel  that  was  needed  to  make  it.  His  rich  friends, 
instead  of  letting  him  have  money,  laughed  at  him. 
But  Longstreet  did  not  give  up. 

At  last  he  made  a  toy  boat  to  run  by  steam.  He 
showed  this  to  his  friends.  He  made  it  run  for  them. 
It  would  move  on  the  water  just  as  he  had  said  it 
would.  His  friends  still  did  not  believe  a  big,  heavy 
boat  could  be  made  to  run  by  steam.     They  said  a 

97 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME         99 

light  toy  might  be  run  with  it,  but  not  a  large,  heavy 
boat. 

But  Longstreet's  mind  was  made  up  to  show  that 
steam  would  move  a  large  boat  too.  People  kept 
laughing  at  him,  but  it  only  made  him  work  the 
harder  to  show  them  that  he  was  not  foolish.  He 
knew  he  could  build  a  steamboat,  and,  sure  enough, 
in  1806  he  finished  his  boat.  It  was  large  enough  to 
carry  about  twenty  people. 

He  had  his  boat  on  the  Savannah  River.  He  was 
going  to  try  it  to  see  if  it  would  go.  He  asked  his 
friends  to  ride  on  it  with  him.  But  most  of  them 
were  afraid  of  it,  and  only  a  few  would  go  on  it. 

At  last  they  were  ready  to  start.  Longstreet  had 
charge  of  the  steam  himself.  He  turned  the  boat 
down  stream  and  it  moved  off.  Some  of  those  on 
shore  were  sure  it  would  blow  up.  So  they  got  into 
row-boats  and  went  after  them.  They  meant  to  pick 
up  all  those  left  alive  when  the  steamboat  should 
blow  up.  But  this  did  not  happen.  Longstreet's  boat 
went  on  down  the  river.  One  old  farmer  saw  it 
and  thought  it  was  a  floating  blacksmith  shop. 
When  Longstreet  had  gone  down  the  river  some  dis- 
tance, he  then  turned  his  boat  and  went  back  to 
Augusta. 


loo        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

People  no  longer  thought  his  mind  was  wrong. 
They  now  knew  he  was  a  very  wise  man.  Long- 
street  did  not  try  to  make  money  on  his  boat.  He 
was  satisfied  that  he  had  shown  people  that  he  was 
not  foolish.  He  ran  this  boat  a  whole  year  before 
Robert  Fulton  ran  the  Clermont  on  the  Hudson 
River. 

Twelve  years  later,  some  men  in  Savannah  had  a 
large  ocean  steamship  built.  They  named  it  the 
Savannah.  This  steamboat  went  from  Savannah 
to  Liverpool  in  England.  Then  it  went  to  St.  Peters- 
burg in  Russia.  It  came  back  to  Savannah  in  fifty 
days  after  it  had  left.  It  was  the  first  steamship  to 
cross  the  ocean. 


THE  BOY  WHO  HID  UNDER  THE  BED 

Colonel  John  Dooly  was  still  another  brave  soldier 
in  the  Revolution.  He  lived  and  fought  in  Georgia. 
He  was  hated  by  the  Tories. 

Once  he  left  the  army  and  went  home  to  see  his 
wife,  his  boys,  and  girls.  No  doubt  they  were  all 
glad  to  see  him.  Colonel  Dooly  had  a  little  son, 
whose  name  also  was  John. 

While  Colonel  Dooly  was  on  this  visit  home,  the 
Tories  came  one  night.  They  broke  into  the  house 
before  Dooly  had  a  chance  to  bar  the  door.  They 
dragged  him  out  of  his  bed.  They  tried  to  make  him 
swear  that  he  would  fight  for  King  George.  Dooly 
would  not  do  this,  so  they  killed  him. 

The  mother  and  children  got  away  as  best  they 
could.  Little  John  hid  under  a  bed.  He  was  too 
small  to  fight  for  his  father's  life.  When  the  Tories 
had  left,  he  cams  out.  He  was  sad  for  a  long 
time. 

W^hen  this  boy,  John,  grew  up,  he  was  a  lawyer  and 
a  judge.     He  was  a  very  funny  man.     He  was  nearly 


I02        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME 

always  saying  or  doing  something  that  made  people 
laugh. 

There  was  a  Judge  Tait  who  had  a  wooden 
leg.  He  became  angry  because  of  something  Dooly 
had  said.  He  sent  Dooly  a  challenge  to  fight  a 
duel. 

It  was  likely  that  Dooly  had  not  meant  any  harm 
by  what  he  had  said.  At  any  rate,  he  did  not  want  to 
try  to  kill  Tait  in  a  duel.  He  did  not  wish  to  give  Tait 
the  chance  to  kill  him. 

So  he  thought  he  would  try  to  end  the  matter  with 
a  joke.  He  sent  Tait  word  that  he  himself  did  not 
have  a  wooden  leg  as  Tait  had.  He  said  he  would 
fight  a  duel  if  Tait  would  agree  for  Dooly  to  stand 
with  one  of  his  legs  in  a  bee-gum.  This  would  make 
their  chances  for  getting  hurt  equal. 

This  offer  made  Judge  Tait  more  angry  than  ever. 
He  wrote  to  Dooly.  In  the  letter  he  said  that  Dooly 
was  a  coward  not  to  fight.  He  said  he  meant  to 
publish  Dooly  in  the  newspapers  as  a  coward.  Dooly 
wrote  to  Tait  that  he  did  not  care  for  being  published 
in  the  newspapers,  if  it  were  done  at  Tait's  expense. 
Dooly  said  he  had  rather  fill  a  dozen  newspapers  than 
to  fill  one  coffin. 

This  was  a  funny  way  to  speak  of  a  duel.     Judge 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME         105 

Tait  laughed  and  forgot  his  anger.  The  whole  state 
laughed,  and  this  ended  the  duel. 

Judge  Dooly  had  his  faults,  but  he  was  a  good 
man,  too.  Once  he  was  in  Savannah.  A  poor 
woman  asked  him  to  give  her  a  little  money.  She 
was  hungry  and  wanted  to  buy  food.  For  some 
reason,  Dooly  did  not  give  it  to  her.  After  she  had 
gone,  he  thought  of  how  poor  the  old  woman  looked. 
He  thought  of  his  not  giving  her  the  money  she  had 
asked.  He  felt  very  bad  about  it.  He  could  not 
forget  the  old  woman.  He  could  not  forget  that  he 
had  refused  her.  The  more  he  thought  of  her,  the 
more  he  grieved. 

Then  he  made  up  his  mind  never  again  to  refuse  to 
give  when  asked.  After  that  he  always  gave  to  who- 
ever asked  of  him.  He  decided  to  err  on  the  safe 
side.  He  was  willing  to  give  sometimes  where  there 
was  no  need  rather  than  not  to  give  where  there  was 
need. 

Dooly  County  is  named  in  honor  of  Judge  Dooly's 
father. 


THE  THREE  TATTNALLS 

When  Georgia  was  a  colony  of  England,  there  was 
a  Josiah  Tattnall  who  lived  at  Savannah.  He  had  a 
beautiful  home.  The  dwelling  house  was  rich  and 
grand.  The  grounds  were  laid  out  and  set  with 
shade  trees.  Bright  and  beautiful  flowers  grew  in 
beds,  and  along  the  walks.  The  name  of  this  home 
was  Bonaventure.     Tattnall  loved  it  very  much. 

When  the  Revolution  began,  Tattnall  hardly  knew 

what  to  do.     He  loved  Georgia  and  did  not  wish  to 

give  up  the  beautiful  Bonaventure.     The  Georgia 

people  offered  him  the  command  of  their  soldiers  in 

the  war.     But  he  thought  that  he  ought  not  to  fight 

against  King  George.     He  loved  Georgia  so  much 

that  he  could  not  fight  against  it.     At  last  he  made 

up  his  mind  to  go  away  from  Georgia.     In  this  way, 

he  would  be  forced  to  fight  neither  against  King 

George  nor  against  Georgia.     As  he  sailed  away,  he 

looked  back  at  his  dear  home.     Tears  fell  from  his 

eyes,  and  he  said,  "Bonaventure,  fare  thee  well." 

Tattnall  went  to  England. 
104 


MAKERS  OF   GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        105 

With  Tattnall,  went  his  son,  who  was  about  twelve 
years  old.  This  son  also  was  named  Josiah.  He  was 
put  at  school  in  England.  He  stayed  in  this  school 
a  little  more  than  a  year.  He  was  always  wanting  to 
come  back  to  Georgia,  so  his  father  put  him  under 
the  care  of  an  uncle.  This  uncle  feared  that  young 
Josiah  would  leave  England,  and  try  to  come  back 
to  Georgia,  so  he  placed  him  on  a  man-of-war  to 
learn  to  be  a  sailor.  Thus  it  was  hoped  that  the 
boy  would  forget  Georgia,  and  not  try  to  come 
back. 

Then  the  man-of-war  set  sail  for  far-away  India. 
But  it  happened  that  nearly  all  the  sailors  on  this 
vessel  were  Americans.  Young  Tattnall  heard  them 
talk  about  America.  He  heard  them  tell  about  how 
the  colonies  from  Massachusetts  to  Georgia  were 
fighting  to  be  free.  This  made  him  more  eager  than 
ever  to  come  home  to  Georgia.  He  made  up  his 
mind  to  return  at  the  first  chance. 

One  day  a  man  on  the  vessel  said  that  the  American 
people  were  doing  very  wrong  to  fight  against  King 
George.  He  said  that  they  ought  not  to  be  free  from 
England.  He  said  hard  things  about  the  Americans. 
Young  Tattnall  heard  the  man,  and  disputed  with 
him.     Then  they  had  a  quarrel  and  became  very 


io6       MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

angry.  At  last  they  drew  their  swords  and  fought. 
Josiah  wounded  the  man,  but  did  not  get  hurt  himself. 

After  a  time  young  Tattnall  found  a  vessel  about 
to  sail  for  America.  He  went  on  board.  After  a 
long  voyage,  he  landed  near  Savannah.  He  went  on 
foot  to  Ebenezer.  There  he  found  General  Wayne's 
army,  which  he  joined.  The  war  was  nearly  over. 
It  was  too  late  to  help  fight  the  British,  but  he  was 
glad  to  be  at  home  in  Georgia  again. 

Later  he  fought  against  the  Indians.  Then  he 
was  made  a  general.  The  state  had  taken  Bona- 
venture  as  public  property.  Young  Josiah  Tattnall 
fought  the  Indians  so  well  that  Bonaventure  was 
given  to  him.  He  was  glad  to  live  in  the  old  home 
once  more.  Then  he  was  made  Governor  of 
Georgia.  While  he  was  Governor,  his  father  came 
to  live  in  Georgia  again.  Young  Josiah  Tattnall 
was   also  made  a  United  States  Senator. 

Govemcr  Tattnall  had  a  son,  and  his  name  was 
Josiah.  He  was  the  third  Josiah  Tattnall.  This 
Josiah  Tattnall  entered  the  United  States  navy. 
He  became  a  captain  after  a  short  time.  Once  he 
was  in  the  harbor  of  Cantc  n  in  China,  on  his  vessel. 
England  and  France  had  had  trouble  with  China. 
They  had  sent  some  officers  to  China  to  see  about  the 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME   AND   FAME 

matter.  The  vessels  on  which  they  came  were  not 
allowed  to  come  near  the  shore.  The  Chinese  kept 
them  waiting.  The  French  and  EngKsh  officers  grew 
tired  of  this.  At  last  they  said  they  would  go  on  the 
shore  anyway.  They  started.  Then  the  Chinese 
fired  on  them  with  cannon.  They  aimed  so  well  that 
some  of  their  ships  were  sunk.  Many  of  the  French 
and  English  were  killed  and  wounded. 

Captain  Tattnall  saw  great  numbers  of  them  in  the 
water.  He  saw  that  they  would  be  drowned.  It  was 
against  the  law  of  Nations  for  him  to  help  them. 
But  he  said,  "Blood  is  thicker  than  water."  Then 
he  went  and  helped  the  French  and  English  who 
were  in  the  water.  He  saved  all  of  them  he  could. 
He  could  not  bear  to  see  people  of  his  own  blood  and 
kin  killed  without  helping  them. 

He  became  a  commodore.  He  fought  in  the  War 
of  1 812.  In  the  Mexican  War,  he  commanded  a 
fleet  that  was  called  the  "Mosquito  Division."  It 
was  made  up  of  small,  light  vessels.  They  could  sail 
very  fast  and  get  from  one  place  to  another  quickly. 
This  fleet  was  always  making  attacks  on  the  Mexicans 
where  they  least  looked  for  it.  That  is  why  it  was 
called  the  "Mosquito  Division."  He  fought  so  weU 
that  the  Georgia  Legislature  gave  him  a  fine  sword. 


io8        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

He  was  an  officer  in  the  United  States  navy  when 
the  Cfvil  War  began.  He  did  not  want  to  fight  against 
the  United  States.  He  could  not  bear  to  fight  against 
Georgia.  It  was  almost  the  same  as  it  had  been  with 
his  grandfather  in  the  Revolution.  But  Commodore 
Tattnall  made  up  his  mind,  and  fought  with  Georgia 
in  the  Confederacy.  Then  the  United  States  took 
his  property. 

The  Tattnalls  have  done  a  great  deal  for  Georgia. 
We  have  a  large,  rich  county  named  Tattnall. 


ANOTHER   GEORGIA  KING 

For  hundreds  of  years,  people  clothed  themselves 
mostly  with  cloth  made  of  wool  and  linen.  Linen  is 
made  from  the  bark  of  the  flax  plant.  It  makes  a 
good  strong  cloth. 

Nowadays  most  people  wear  cotton  clothes.  That 
is  because  cotton  cloth  is  cheap  and  wears  well. 
The  Egyptians  made  a  little  cotton  three  thousand, 
years  ago.  So  did  the  people  of  India.  The  white 
people  who  first  visited  Mexico  and  South  America 
found  people  there  wearing  cotton  clothes.  But  it  is 
only  for  a  little  more  than  one  hundred  years  that  the 
white  people  of  America  have  used  cotton  much  for 
clothes. 

Philip  Nutter  lived  at  Chelsea  in  England.  The 
next  year  after  Savannah  was  settled,  Nutter  sent 
some  cotton  seeds  to  Georgia.  They  were  planted, 
and  the  cotton  grew  well. 

Later  General  Oglethorpe  made  a  settlement  on 

St.    Simon's  Island.    He  took  a  good  many  of  his 

soldiers  there.    He  gave  each  of  them  a  small  plot  of 

109 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

land  to  plant.  They  planted  some  cotton.  It  grew 
well.  When  it  was  ready,  they  gathered  it  from  the 
burrs. 

The  soldiers'  wives  picked  the  lint  from  the  seed 
with  their  fingers.  They  spun  the  cotton  into  thread 
on  their  spinning  wheels.  The  thread  was  dyed  by 
them,  and  then  knit  into  stockings.  This  was  the 
first  cotton  made  into  clothes  in  Georgia. 

Other  people  began  to  plant  cotton  in  Georgia. 
The  Salzburgers  were  growing  it  five  years  after 
Georgia  was  first  settled.  The  Salzburgers  were 
Germans  who  settled  at  Ebenezer.  About  fifty  years 
later,  Thomas  Jefferson  said  that  almost  all  the 
people  in  Georgia  wore  cotton  clothes.  Mr.  Leake  of 
Savannah  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  man  in  our 
state  to  raise  cotton  to  ship  to  other  countries.  Most 
people  used  all  they  raised  at  home. 

When  Josiah  Tattnall  was  Governor,  some  sea- 
island  cotton  seeds  were  sent  to  him.  He  and  some 
other  men  planted  them  and  the  cotton  did  well. 
The  lint  of  this  cotton  is  very  long  and  fine,  almost 
like  silk.  Now,  thousands  of  bales  of  this  cotton  are 
grown  in  the  southeastern  part  of  our  state  every 
year.     It  is  made  into  very  fine  cloth. 

For  many  years,  people  picked  the  cotton  from  the 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

seed  with  their  fingers,  A  man  could  pick  the  seed 
from  about  one  pound  of  the  lint  in  a  day.  They  did 
this  till  Eli  Whitney  invented  the  cotton  gin.  The 
women  spun  it  into  thread  on  their  spinning  wheels. 
Sometimes  they  wove  the  thread  into  cloth  on  hand 
looms.  Sometimes  they  knit  it  into  socks  and  stock- 
ings with  their  fingers.  These  were  very  hard,  tire- 
some tasks. 

At  last,  in  1809,  a  small  cotton  factory  was  built  at 
Louisville  in  Jefferson  County.  Two  years  later,  a 
larger  factory  was  built  at  Bolton  in  Wilkes  County. 
Then  others  were  built.  But  most  of  the  factories 
were  built  in  the  North.  The  Georgia  people  were 
too  busy  growing  cotton  to  build  many  factories. 

After  Whitney  invented  the  gin,  people  began  to 
grow  a  great  deal  of  cotton.  They  planted  more  of 
it  than  anything  else.  It  made  Georgia  very  rich. 
It  soon  came  to  be  called  "King  Cotton.'' 


ELI  WHITNEY 


THE  MAN  WHO  MADE  THE  COTTON  GIN 

Eli  Whitney  did  not  live  in  Georgia  when  he  was 
a  boy.  He  lived  in  Massachusetts.  But  when  he 
became  a  man,  he  lived  for  a  time  in  our  state.  It 
was  in  Georgia  that  he  made  one  of  the  greatest  of 
all  inventions. 

Eli's  father  was  a  farmer.  Eli  worked  on  a  farm. 
His  father  had  a  shop  in  which  were  a  great  many 
tools.  In  the  shop,  Eli's  father  made  a  number  of 
things  that  were  needed  about  the  house  and  farm. 

Eli  liked  to  watch  his  father  and  older  brother 
work  in  the  shop.  He  soon  learned  to  use  the  tools 
himself.  He  made  some  things  to  play  with.  It  was 
not  long  before  he  liked  the  shop  better  than  the  field. 

Eli  used  to  wonder  a  great  deal  about  his  father's 
watch.  He  wanted  to  know  what  made  it  go.  One 
Sunday  his  father  went  to  church.  He  left  his  watch 
at  home.  Little  Eli  was  alone.  He  thought,  "Now 
is  my  time  to  find  out  all  about  that  watch."  So  he 
got  the  queer  thing  down.  He  then  opened  the  lid. 
He  could  not  see  as  much  of  the  works  as  he  wanted 

"3 


114        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

to  see,  so  he  kept  on  till  he  took  it  all  apart.  What 
do  you  think  he  would  have  done  if  his  father  had 
stepped  into  the  room  just  then  ?  But  his  father  was 
still  at  church,  for  sermons  were  long  in  those  times. 

When  Eli  had  looked  at  the  wheels  and  springs  as 
much  as  he  wished,  he  put  the  watch  all  back  to- 
gether. He  feared  it  would  not  run  as  well  as  it 
had  before.  He  watched  his  father  when  he  looked 
at  his  watch  after  he  came  from  church.  But  it  ran 
as  well  as  before.  His  father  never  knew  that  his 
watch  had  been  taken  to  pieces  till  Eli  told  him  years 
later.  Perhaps  you  had  better  not  take  your  father's 
watch  apart.  You  might  not  be  able  to  put  it 
together  at  all. 

Eli's  own  mother  was  dead.  His  stepmother  had 
a  beautiful  set  of  dinner  knives.  She  was  very  proud 
of  them.  One  day  she  was  showing  them  to  Eli  and 
his  sister.  She  said  they  were  very  fine  knives  and 
that  they  had  been  made  in  England.  She  said 
such  knives  could  not  be  made  in  America. 

Eli  thought  he  could  make  some  like  them,  and  he 
told  her  so.  She  had  no  idea  that  he  could  make 
such  knives.  After  a  time,  one  of  the  knives  was 
broken  in  some  way.  Eli  took  the  pieces  for  a  pat- 
tern.    He  went  to  the  shop  and  began  to  work.    He 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        115 

soon  made  a  knife  so  much  like  the  others  that  it 
could  not  be  told  from  them. 

Young  Whitney  went  to  school  when  he  could. 
But  he  was  most  happy  when  he  was  at  work  in  the 
shop.  At  that  time,  it  was  hard  to  get  nails.  Eli 
made  nails  for  his  father.  He  made  them  so  well  that 
he  soon  found  he  could  sell  all  he  could  make.  Later, 
he  turned  his  nail  shop  into  a  factory  for  making 
walking  sticks  and  hat  pins.  He  sold  all  he  made. 
He  was  very  careful  with  his  work.  He  used  often 
to  say,  "  Whatever  is  worth  doing  at  all  is  worth  doing 
well."     He  was  a  busy  boy. 

When  he  was  nineteen  years  old,  he  thought  he 
would  go  to  Yale  College.  His  father  was  not  able 
to  pay  Eli's  way  in  college.  Eli  had  no  money,  but 
he  had  made  up  his  mind  to  go;  so  he  went  to  work 
getting  ready.  He  must  earn  money  to  pay  his  way, 
and  he  must  also  learn  more  before  he  could  enter  a 
college.  He  worked  on  the  farm  and  in  the  shop. 
He  taught  school.  He  did  any  task  that  would  help 
get  more  money  to  pay  his  way  in  college.  When- 
ever he  found  the  least  little  bit  of  time,  he  would 
study  his  books. 

It  took  him  four  years  to  get  ready.  But  at  last, 
when  he  was  twenty-three,  he  went  to  Yale.     He 


li6        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

Studied  hard,  and  soon  found  he  would  have  a  little 
time  to  work.  So  he  borrowed  tools  from  a  carpen- 
ter. At  first  the  carpenter  was  afraid  to  lend  his 
tools  to  a  young  college  student.  He  thought  Eli 
would  not  know  what  to  do  with  them.  But  he 
watched  Eli  at  work.  Then  he  said  a  fine  mechanic 
had  been  spoiled  by  Eli's  going  to  college. 

He  spent  four  years  in  Yale.  He  then  wished  to 
study  law,  so  he  came  to  Georgia  to  teach  for  more 
money  that  he  might  learn  to  be  a  lawyer. 

In  Georgia,  he  stayed  for  a  time  at  the  home  of 
Mrs.  Nathaniel  Greene.  She  was  the  widow  of 
General  Greene.  Mrs.  Greene  asked  him  to  try  to 
make  a  machine  to  separate  the  seed  from  the  cotton. 
He  set  to  work.  He  had  a  hard  task  to  get  tools  and 
the  right  sort  of  material.  But  he  made  a  machine 
that  would  do  the  work.  It  was  called  a  gin.  Eli 
Whitney  got  very  little  profit  from  making  the  gin, 
but  he  grew  rich  in  after  years  from  other  inventions. 


GOVERNOR  EARLY 

In  1 812,  the  United  States  was  again  at  war  with 
England.  It  was  called  the  War  of  181 2.  Peter 
Early  was  the  Governor  of  Georgia. 

The  United  States  needed  more  money  to  carry  on 
the  war.  An  officer  of  the  United  States  Government 
asked  Governor  Early  for  a  large  sum  of  money  from 
the  state.  The  officer  told  Governor  Early  that  the 
United  States  would  be  sure  to  pay  the  money  back 
to  Georgia.  Early  wanted  to  help  in  the  war  against 
England  all  he  could.  So  he  lent  the  money  to  the 
Government. 

Afterwards  some  one  told  Early  that  the  United 
States  might  be  broken  to  pieces  in  the  war,  and  then 
Georgia  would  lose  the  money.  Governor  Early 
listened,  and  then  said  that  he  hoped  that  the  United 
States  Government  would  never  be  broken  up.  He 
said  if  it  should  be,  he  had  no  wish  that  Georgia 
should  fare  better  than  the  other  states.  He  did  not 
mean  that  he  did  not  love  Georgia.  He  meant  that 
he  loved  the  whole  United  States. 

117 


ii8        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

In  this  war,  many  of  the  Creek  Indians  fought  for 
the  English.  Governor  Early  sent  an  army  against 
these  Indians.  General  John  Floyd  was  in  command 
of  this  army.  He  fought  a  battle  with  the  Indians 
at  Autossee  and  Tallassee.  The  chiefs  of  both  these 
towns  were  killed. 

A  pipe  that  belonged  to  the  chief  of  Tallassee  was 
taken.  It  was  a  peace  pipe.  It  was  made  of  clay 
and  had  a  long  stem  made  from  a  cane.  It  had  been 
smoked  in  making  a  treaty  with  the  white  people 
forty  years  before.  One  of  the  soldiers  found  the 
pipe.  He  brought  it  to  General  Floyd,  who  sent  it 
to  Governor  Early.  The  Governor  hung  the  old 
Indian  pipe  on  the  wall  of  his  office.  It  hung  there 
for  many  years. 

Early  County  was  named  for  Governor  Early. 


GENERAL  JOHN  FLOYD 

The  father  of  General  Floyd  was  a  soldier  in  the 
Revolution.  He  thought  the  colonies  ought  to  be 
free.  In  the  army,  he  wore  on  his  hat  a  plate  of 
silver  in  the  shape  of  a  new  moon.  On  it  were  the 
words,  "Liberty  or  Death." 

This  brave  man  lost  all  his  property.  He  was 
then  very  poor.  So  he  bound  John  to  a  carpenter 
for  five  years.  John  was  to  work  with  the  carpenter 
and  help  him  build  houses.  In  this  way,  John  was 
to  learn  to  build  houses  himself.  John  learned  so  fast 
and  pleased  the  carpenter  so  well  that  the  carpenter 
wanted  to  free  him  at  the  end  of  four  years.  But 
John  thought  he  ought  to  stay  the  full  five  years. 
So  he  worked  on  with  the  carpenter  till  the  end  of  the 
time.     He  had  grown  now  to  be  a  man. 

Then  John  Floyd  made  a  home  for  himsolf  in 
Camden  County.  At  that  time,  there  were  no  rail- 
roads. Boats  and  wagons  were  used  to  carry  goods 
and  travelers.     There  were  not  enough  boats  on  the 

rivers,  so  Floyd  thought  he  would  build  more  boats. 

119 


ISO        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

He  got  plans  for  boat  building  from  Charleston.  He 
bought  tools  to  work  with.  He  then  hired  men  to  cut 
timber.  Of  this  timber,  he  built  boats.  They  were 
good  ones.  He  made  money  from  his  boats  and  thus 
became  a  rich  man. 

He  was  a  great  Indian  fighter.  In  the  battle  with 
the  Indians  at  Autossee,  he  was  shot  in  the  knee. 
He  would  not  leave  the  battle.  He  feared  if  he  left  his 
men  that  the  battle  would  be  lost. 

A  rich  county  bears  the  name  of  Floyd  in  honor  of 
this  General  Floyd. 


"WE  MUST  NOT  GIVE  UP  THE  GUN" 

The  Indians  fought  bravely  in  the  battle  of  Autos- 
see.  For  a  time,  the  soldiers  of  General  Floyd  were 
hard  pressed.  It  seemed  that  they  would  have  to 
fall  back  before  the  Indians. 

Ezekiel  Attaway  was  one  of  General  Floyd's  sol- 
diers. Ezekiel  and  twelve  other  men  were  loading 
and  firing  a  cannon  in  the  battle.  They  fought 
away  bravely,  and  loaded  and  fired  their  cannon  as 
fast  as  they  could.  But  by  and  by  some  of  the  men 
were  shot  down.  The  Indian  bullets  were  flying 
thick.  At  last  all  the  men  were  killed  except 
Ezekiel  and  two  others.  It  began  to  look  as  though 
the  Indians  were  going  to  take  the  gun.  They  had 
now  come  very  near  to  it.  They  wanted  to  get  it  and 
fight  the  white  soldiers  with  it. 

But  just  then,  Ezekiel  seized  a  big  hand  stick.  He 
was  going  to  fight  the  Indians  with  it.  He  said  to  the 
other  two  men  that  he  would  fight  the  Indians  with 
the  stick  as  long  as  he  could  stand.  "We  must  not 
give  up  the  gun,"  he  said.     "Seize  anything  you  can 


122        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

lay  your  hands  upon  and  stay  by  your  post  until  the 
last."  They  did  as  he  said.  On  came  the  Indians. 
Then  the  three  men  knocked  them  right  and  left  with 
their  heavy  sticks.  At  last  the  fierce  red  men  were 
driven  back,  and  the  battle  had  been  won  by  Ezekiel 
Attaway  and  General  Floyd's  other  brave  soldiers. 


HOPE  HULL 

Hope  Hull  was  a  minister  who  preached  in  the 
eastern  part  of  Georgia.  He  settled  at  Athens.  He 
helped  to  found  the  State  University.  He  took  great 
interest  in  education.  He  was  a  good  man.  His 
sermons  were  so  grand  and  noble  that  he  was  called 
"Broadaxe."  A  broadaxe  has  a  wide,  sharp  blade. 
It  is  used  for  hewing  large,  heavy  timber. 

In  the  War  of  1812,  some  soldiers  were  one  night 
sitting  around  their  camp  fire.  They  were  talking 
of  their  folks  at  home.  The  times  were  very  hard. 
People  could  not  always  have  enough  to  eat  and  wear. 
Some  of  these  soldiers  said  they  feared  that  their  wives 
and  children  might  not  have  enough  food  and  clothes. 

Then  a  soldier  from  Georgia  said  that  he  was  not 
uneasy  about  his  folks.  "I  know  my  children  will 
not  suffer  for  bread  while  Mr.  Hope  Hull  lives," 
he  said. 

He  knew  this  because  Hull  was  in  the  habit  of 
taking  care  of  the  soldiers'  families.  Every  week  he 
would  load  his  wagon,  and  then  drive  over  the  settle- 

123 


124        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

ment.  He  would  stop  at  the  house  of  every  soldier. 
There  he  would  leave  meat,  meal,  flour,  or  whatever 
other  food  might  be  needed.  Hull  was  not  in  the 
army,  but  he  was  helping  in  the  war.  Do  you  not 
think  that  he  was  a  good  man  ? 

The  soldiers  from  his  neighborhood  knew  that  their 
families  would  not  want  for  anything,  so  they  could 
stay  in  the  army  and  fight  the  better  and  braver. 


COLONEL  DANIEL  APPLING 

Daniel  Appling  was  bom  in  Columbia  County. 
He  went  to  school  and  studied  Latin  and  Greek  as 
well  as  other  things.  When  he  was  eighteen  years 
old,  he  went  into  the  United  States  army.  He  was 
so  good  a  soldier  that  he  was  soon  made  a  captain. 

When  the  War  of  1812  began,  he  was  sent  to  the 
State  of  New  York  to  fight  the  British.  In  that  state, 
he  was  once  sent  to  carry  some  cannon  to  another 
place.  He  was  carrying  them  on  boats  up  a  large 
creek.     He  did  not  have  many  men  to  help  him. 

A  large  party  of  British  wanted  to  take  the  cannon 
away  from  Appling.  They  were  following  him  in 
their  boats.  The  British  had  about  twice  as  many 
men  as  Appling  had.  They  were  coming  close  be- 
hind him.  They  were  even  gaining  on  him.  They 
were  sure  that  they  would  soon  capture  Appling,  his 
guns,  and  all  his  men. 

Appling  found  out  that  the  British  were  gaining  on 
him,  but  he  did  not  mean  to  be  taken.  And  so, 
before  the  British  could  come  in  sight  of  him,  he 

125 


X26       MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

landed  his  own  boats  among  the  trees  and  thick 
bushes.  He  had  his  men  hide  themselves  on  the 
land.  He  told  them  not  to  fire  till  the  British  came 
very  close.     Then  they  all  kept  still,  very  still. 

After  a  little  time,  the  British  came  in  sight.  They 
were  very  gay,  and  they  were  laughing  at  how  they 
were  going  to  take  the  Americans  prisoners.  They 
did  not  know  that  the  Americans  were  hidden  and 
watching  them  at  that  very  moment. 

Then  all  at  once,  Boom!  boom!  boom!  the 
Americans'  guns  rang  out.  And  Zip!  zip!  zip! 
sang  the  bullets.  Red-coated  British  soldiers  fell 
right  and  left.  Hardly  any  were  left  alive.  Those 
who  were  not  killed  tried  to  get  away,  but  the 
Americans  got  in  their  own  boats,  and  soon  took  all 
the  rest  of  them  prisoners.  They  also  took  the 
British  boats. 

Soon  after  this,  Appling  was  made  a  lieutenant - 
colonel.  He  fought  well  in  several  other  battles,  and 
it  was  not  long  before  he  was  put  in  command  of 
a  regiment.  This  is  a  part  of  an  army  made  up  of 
about  a  thousand   men. 

Appling  was  a  modest  man.  When  he  came  home 
to  Georgia,  he  was  praised  a  great  deal.  He  did  not 
like  this.     He  thought  that  he  had  only  done  what  he 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        127 

ought  to  do.  But  the  Georgia  people  were  very- 
proud  of  him.  The  legislature  voted  him  a  fine  sword, 
but  he  died  before  it  reached  him.  Then  the  sword 
was  sent  to  Governor  Early.  He  hung  it  in  his  of&ce 
with  the  Indian  peace  pipe. 

The  county  seat  of  Columbia  County  is  called 
Appling.  There  is  also  a  large,  rich  county  named 
in  his  honor. 


THREE    BRAVE    SENTINELS 

The  University  of  Georgia  is  at  Athens.  Buildings 
for  it  were  first  put  up  over  a  hundred  years  ago. 
For  a  long  time,  Indians  lived  in  the  woods  not  far 
from  it.  Sometimes  they  would  kill  and  rob  the 
people  near  Athens. 

Once  the  Indians  had  been  doing  the  white  people 
a  great  deal  of  harm.  Some  one  said  that  the  Indians 
were  on  the  way  to  Athens.  Then  all  the  people  in 
the  town  and  the  country  round  about  went  to  the 
University.  They  shut  themselves  up  in  one  of  the 
buildings.  They  made  a  fort  of  it.  The  men  and 
boys  got  all  the  rifles  and  shotguns  they  could.  One 
of  the  professors  took  command.  They  worked  hard 
to  get  ready  for  a  battle  with  the  Indians. 

The  professor  posted  sentinels  to  watch.  These 
sentinels  were  to  fire  their  guns  if  they  saw  any  In- 
dians. Then  they  were  all  to  run  back  to  the  fort, 
where  they  would  close  all  the  doors  and  fight  the 
Indians.  They  meant  to  shoot  the  red  men  from 
the  windows. 

The  sentinels  watched  two  hours  at  a  time.  Then 
128 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 


129 


they  went  back  to  the  college,  and  others  watched. 
In  this  way,  they  took  turns  resting.  But  as  the 
Indians  would  not  come  on,  the  men  and  boys  all 
soon  grew  very  tired  and  sleepy. 

Augustus  Hull  was  one  of  the  boys.    He  and  two 
other  boys  were  put  to  watch  for  the  Indians  just  be- 


,m    1 

-    # 

^>' 

•       vl>:;,-      3    ,.        -^^V-r    , 

^^^ 

I'^SSR- 

£^'-'' 

■  .  /  - 

Kr-  "*. 

"""^^ 

J^M 

si 

OLD    COLLEGE,    STATE    UNIVERSH'Y  (Oldest   College  on  the  Campus) 

fore  day  came.  They  were  placed  near  a  coal-kiln 
that  had  a  fire  burning  it.  The  boys  were  very 
sleepy.  They  stood  in  their  places  for  awhile.  No 
Indians  came.  They  thought  they  would  sit  by  the 
fire  and  talk  a  little  while.  Still  no  Indians  came. 
Soon  they  nodded. 


13° 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA  S   NAME    AND   FAME 


The  next  they  knew,  one  of  the  men  was  waking 
them.  It  was  day.  "You  might  as  well  go  back  to 
the  college,"  he  said.  "There  is  nc  danger  from 
the  Indians.  I  think  they  are  afraid  to  attack  such 
brave  soldiers  as  you  are." 


LIBRARY,  SIAIK    UNIVERSITY 


Then  the  boys  knew  that  they  had  been  fast  asleep. 
They  were  ashamed  that  they  had  slept  when  they 
should  have  watched.  But  when  they  got  back  to 
the  University,  they  found  that  nearly  every  one  else 
had  been  asleep,  too.  And  that  is  how  the  Indian 
attack  on  the  University  ended. 


HOW    THE    BRITISH    BURNED    CLARKE'S 

MILL. 

In  Charlton  County  there  is  a  stream  called 
Spanish  Creek.  It  flows  into  the  St.  Mary's  River. 
On  this  creek,  about  a  mile  from  the  river,  there  is  an 
old  dam.  On  the  banks,  among  the  bushes,  may  be 
seen  some  huge  old  mill  stones.  They  are  now  black 
with  moss  and  age. 

At  this  place  once  stood  Major  Clarke's  mill.  It 
was  a  large  one.  People  came  there  from  miles 
around  to  have  there  com  and  wheat  ground. 

In  the  War  of  1812,  some  of  the  British  landed  on 
the  Geogia  coast.  They  camped  not  far  from  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  Mary's  River.  They  soon  came  to 
hate  Major  Clarke  very  much. 

At  last  they  thought  they  would  bum  his  mill. 

So  they  loaded   twenty-three  barges  with  soldiers. 

These  were  sent  up  the  St.  Mary's  River.     They  were 

to  go  up  the  river  until  they  were  near  the  mill. 

Then  they  were  to  go  across  the  woods  and  burn  the 

mill. 

131 


132        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

Captain  William  Cone  had  command  of  twenty- 
eight  Georgians.  He  heard  that  the  British  were 
coming  up  the  river. 

So  he  took  his  men  and  went  to  see  if  he  could  not 
stop  them.  The  St.  Mary's  is  very  crooked,  and 
palmetto  covers  its  banks.  Captain  Cone  hid  his 
men  in  the  palmetto.     They  lay  very  still  and  waited. 

At  last  the  British  barges  came  in  sight.  They 
were  covered  with  red-coated  British  soldiers.  They 
had  cannon  on  the  barges. 

Captain  Cone  and  his  men  fired  on  them  with  their 
rifles.  Redcoats  fell  right  and  left.  Some  rolled 
into  the  river.  The  British  fired  their  cannon,  but 
they  did  the  Georgians  no  harm.  Then  Captain 
Cone  and  his  men  ran  up  the  river  to  the  next  bend. 
There  they  waited  till  the  British  came  in  sight  again 
around  the  bend  below  them.  Then  they  fired  again. 
The  Georgians  kept  this  up  till  they  had  killed  one 
hundred  and  eighty  of  the  British.  As  many  more 
were  wounded.  Then  the  British  turned  and  went 
back  down  the  river  to  their  camp. 

It  was  thought  that  the  mill  would  be  now  safe, 
but  a  negro  was  put  to  watch  it.  He  was  to  run  and 
tell  if  he  saw  an  army  coming.  There  were  not 
enough  white  men  to  spare  one  to  watch  the  mill. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        133 

The  British  seemed  to  think  that  a  few  men  could 
bum  the  mill  easier  than  a  large  number.  So  three 
British  soldiers  slipped  to  the  mill  and  burned  it. 

The  negro  was  afterward  asked,  "Who  burned  the 
mill?" 

"I  dunno,"  he  replied. 

"Well,  whom  did  you  see?"  he  was  asked. 

"I  jes  see  three  men  what  had  on  red  coats.  Dey 
come  up  dar  an  ax  me  to  le'  'em  look  roun'  de  mill  a 
HT  bit.     Den  atter  dey  lef,  de  mill  jus'  took  fire." 

Nothing  more  was  seen  of  the  three  mai  who  wore 
the  red  coats.  But  it  is  certain  the  mill  was  burned, 
and  has  never  been  built  again. 


WILLIAM  HARias   CIUWVfORD 


THE  MAN  TO  WHOM  NAPOLEON  BOWED 

William  H.  Crawford  was  one  of  the  greatest 
lawyers  of  Georgia.  He  was  tall  and  strong,  and  his 
step  was  firm  and  springy.  He  was  a  grand,  fine 
looking  man. 

President  James  Madison  named  Crawford  as 
minister  to  France.  A  United  States  ship  was  made 
ready  to  carry  Crawford  to  that  country.  The 
President  gave  the  captain  of  the  ship  orders  to  take 
Crawford  safely  to  France. 

When  all  was  ready  they  set  sail.  The  ship  was 
hardly  at  sea,  when  it  was  fired  on  by  a  British  vessel. 
Crawford  heard  the  guns  booming.  He  came  on 
deck  as  soon  as  the  firing  began.  He  wanted  to  see 
the  battle.  He  hoped  the  captain  would  let  him  take 
part  in  it,  too. 

But  the  captain  told  him  he  must  go  to  his  cabin. 
The  captain  feared  Crawford  would  be  hurt,  and 
thus  he  would  not  be  obeying  the  President's  orders. 
Crawford  went  to  his  cabin  as  he  was  told.  But  the 
firing  kept  up,  and  soon  Crawford  came  on  deck 

i35 


136       MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

again.  A  second  time  the  captain  told  him  to  go 
to  his  cabin.  Again  he  went.  But  the  battle  had 
grown  lively,  and  it  was  not  long  before  Crawford 
was  on  deck  a  third  time.  He  shouted  to  the  cap- 
tain, "Give  them  a  broadside!  Give  them  a  broad- 
side!" He  wanted  the  captain  to  fire  at  the  British 
more  times  and  faster.  But  the  captain  was  think- 
ing of  the  President's  orders,  so  he  told  Crawford 
if  he  did  not  go  to  his  cabin  and  stay  there,  he 
would  lock  him  in.  This  kept  Crawford  off  the 
deck. 

When  Cravi^ord  reached  Paris,  he  was  much  ad- 
mired for  his  fine  form  and  noble  bearing.  As  he 
walked  the  streets,  everybody  wondered  if  he  were 
some  grand  duke  or  prince. 

Napoleon  Bonaparte  was  then  the  ruler  of  France. 
He  was  a  great  man  himself,  and  he  was  not  in  the 
habit  of  showing  much  respect  for  other  men.  But 
when  he  first  met  Crawford,  he  was  so  struck  with 
Crawford's  grand  looks,  that  he  bowed  to  him  twice 
before  he  knew  he  was  doing  so.  Napoleon  after- 
ward said  that  Crawford  was  the  only  man  he  ever 
saw  to  whom  he  felt  that  he  must  bow. 

Crawford  served  the  United  States  well  as  minister 
to   France.     He   was    afterwards    a   candidate    for 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA  S  NAME  AND  FAME        137 

president  of  our  country.     It  is  said  he  would  have 
been  elected  if  he  had  not  become  very  sick. 

He  was  one  of  Georgia's  noblest  men.    A  county 
is  named  for  him. 


TWO  MACON  MEN 

The  Government  had  to  build  forts  to  keep  the 
Indians  away.  One  of  the  largest  of  these  was  Fort 
Hawkins.  It  was  on  the  Ocmulgee  River,  A  settle- 
ment grew  up  about  this  forto  Then  the  name  of  the 
place  was  changed  to  Macon. 

Macon  is  now  a  beautiful  city.  It  has  many  fine 
buildings.  Its  streets  are  wide  and  clean.  There 
are  many  shade  trees.  Some  of  the  streets  have  the 
names  of  trees.  Thus  there  is  Elm  Street,  another  is 
Oak  Street,  and  so  on. 

When  Macon  was  first  settled,  a  man  lived  there 
whose  name  was  Simri  Rose.  He  loved  trees  and 
vines  and  flowers.  He  liked  to  learn  as  much  as  he 
could  about  all  kinds  of  plants.  He  was  also  an 
editor.     He  printed  a  newspaper  in  Macon. 

He  thought  the  new  city  should  have  plenty  of 
shade.  So  he  would  tell  the  town  officers  that  trees 
ought  to  be  planted  on  the  streets.  In  his  paper,  he 
would  urge  the  people  to  plant  trees  for  shade.     He 

set  out  a  great  many  elms  and  water  oaks  with  his 

X38 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME         i39 

own  hand,  and  thus  nearly  all  the  streets  came  to  be 
shaded  by  fine  trees.  Now,  on  summer  days,  the 
children  can  have  a  nice  shade  whenever  they  play. 
They  should  not  forget  their  debts  to  Simri  Rose. 

General  Lafayette  was  a  noble  Frenchman.  He 
helped  the  Americans  fight  the  British  in  the  Revolu- 
tion. Long  afterward,  he  made  a  visit  to  Georgia. 
He  went  to  Savannah  and  Milledgeville.  He  also 
visited  Macon. 

When  he  came  to  Macon,  a  loud  signal  gun  told 
the  people  when  he  was  near.  Then  they  went  to 
meet  him.  They  took  him  to  his  hotel.  There  the 
ladies  and  gentlemen  went  to  shake  hands  with  the 
great  noblemen.  He  made  a  speech  in  which  he 
thanked  the  people  for  their  kindness  to  him. 

There  was  one  very  learned  man  who  went  to  meet 
Lafayette.  His  name  was  Edward  Dorr  Tracy. 
Tracy  knew  Latin,  French,  Spanish,  and  Italian. 

He  talked  to  Lafayette  in  French  and  Spanish. 
Lafayette  was  surprised  to  find  so  learned  a  man  in 
so  small  a  city.  He  told  Tracy  he  was  surprised. 
But  Tracy  knew  still  more.  He  laughed  and  spoke 
to  Lafayette  in  Indian.  Then  Lafayette  said,  "You 
are  the  first  white  American  I  have  met  who  could 
speak  the  true  red  Indian."     He  meant  that  Tracy 


I40        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME    AND   FAME 

was  the  first  white  man  he  had  met  who  could  speak 
any  Indian  language. 

Lafayette  could  not  stay  long.  He  soon  left  to 
visit  other  states.  When  he  left  Macon  the  people 
went  part  of  the  way  with  him.  The  National 
salute  was  fired,  and  the  great  man  was  gone. 

There  is  a  large  cemetery  at  Macon.  It  is  on  a 
large,  high  hill.  It  is  called  Rose  Hill  cemetery. 
Can  you  guess  why? 


MILLY 

Duncan  McKrimmon  lived  at  Milledgeville.  He 
went  to  help  fight  the  Indians  in  the  Seminole  War. 
One  day  he  and  some  friends  went  fishing.  Indians 
crept  upon  them,  and  made  McKrimmon  a  prisoner. 
They  took  him  away  to  their  prophet,  whose  name  was 
Francis. 

Francis  had  been  made  a  general  in  the  British 
army.  He  wore  the  bright  red  uniform  of  the 
British  soldier,  and  he  was  very  proud  and  boastful. 
He  was  glad  to  have  this  white  prisoner  from  Georgia. 
He  had  been  taught  to  hate  the  Georgia  people. 

The  Indians  held  McKrimmon  prisoner  for  weeks 
and  weeks.  At  last  one  day  they  shaved  his  head. 
They  took  most  of  his  clothes  off,  and  tied  him  to 
a  stake.  Then  the  Indians  danced  about  him  for 
several  hours.  As  they  danced  they  howled  and 
yelled  horribly.     They  meant  to  burn  him. 

Milly  was  the  Prophet's  daughter.     She  was  about 

fifteen  years  old.     She  now  sat  apart  from  the  other 

Indians.     She  was  sad  and  silent.     She  was  sorry 

for  the  poor  man  who  was  to  be  burned. 

141  ■ 


142        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME 

After  a  long  time,  the  red  men  had  danced  and 
yelled  all  they  wanted  to.  Then  they  were  ready  to 
kill  him,  so  a  big  Indian  with  a  tomahawk  stepped 
up  to  McKrimmon.  He  raised  the  tomahawk  high 
above  his  head.  He  was  just  ready  to  dash  out  the 
white  man's  brains. 

But  before  the  tomahawk  could  fall,  Milly  ran  and 
stood  between  them.  The  Indians  would  not  strike 
her.  She  then  told  her  father  if  he  must  have  blood, 
to  take  hers.  She  said  that  she  did  not  wish  to  live 
if  the  white  man  were  killed. 

The  Prophet  at  last  agreed  not  to  kill  McKrim- 
mon, but  he  meant  to  kill  both  him  and  Milly  later. 
Milly  brought  food  and  drink  for  McKrimmon,  and 
was  kind  to  him  as  long  as  he  stayed  among  the 
Indians. 

A  few  days  later,  Francis  sold  McKrimmon  to  the 
Spaniards  at  St.  Marks  in  Florida.  The  Spaniards 
paid  for  him  in  rum.  The  Indians  liked  rum  very 
much. 

McKrimmon  at  last  got  back  home.  Afterwards 
the  Georgia  soldiers  took  Milly  a  prisoner.  They 
were  kind  to  her  and  soon  sent  her  back  to  her  people. 


GOVERNOR  TROUP 

George  Troup  was  raised  on  his  father's  planta- 
tion. The  plantation  was  called  Belleville,  and  it 
was  in  Mcintosh  County. 

When  George  was  a  small  boy,  his  father  taught 
him.  Then  he  had  another  teacher.  This  teacher 
lived  in  the  house  with  the  Troups,  and  he  had  no 
pupils  but  the  Troup  children. 

George's  father  was  rich,  and  George  did  not  have 
to  work,  but  he  learned  his  lessons  well.  When  he 
was  tired  of  study,  he  would  ride  his  horse  or  go 
fishing  or  hunting.     He  grew  to  be  a  large,  stout  boy. 

When  he  was  older,  he  was  sent  away  to  Flatbush. 
This  was  a  small  town  on  Long  Island,  which  is  a 
part  of  New  York  State.  There  was  a  good  school 
in  this  town.  George  was  sent  to  this  school.  At  first 
the  other  boys  tried  to  have  fun  with  him.  George 
would  not  say  much,  so  the  boys  soon  let  him  alone. 

The  men  of  Flatbush  would  meet  on  the  streets 

and   talk   politics.     Some    of   them   thought    John 

Adams  ought  to  be  President  of  the  United  States. 

143 


144       MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME 

Others  said  that  Thomas  Jefferson  should  be  Presi- 
dent. And  so  these  men  would  say  a  great  deal 
about  the  government. 

The  boys  of  the  town  would  sometimes  listen  to 
these  talks.  Young  George  Troup  would  listen  by 
the  hour.  He  liked  nothing  else  so  well.  He  wanted 
to  take  part,  but  it  was  not  thought  polite  for  young 
boys  to  talk  when  grown  men  were  talking.  George 
would  almost  forget  himself  sometimes.  Then  he 
would  remember  that  he  must  be  polite.  He  learned 
a  great  deal  from  these  talks.  He  came  to  believe 
that  Thomas  Jefferson  was  the  greatest  man  in  the 
world. 

When  he  was  through  this  school,  he  came  back  to 
Savannah.  There  he  studied  law.  Before  he  was 
twenty-one  years  old,  the  people  wanted  him  to  be  a 
member  of  the  Legislature.  He  was  very  proud  of 
such  an  honor.  As  it  is  against  the  law  for  anyone 
to  be  in  the  Legislature  before  the  age  of  twenty-one, 
he  had  to  give  it  up,  but  a  year  later  he  went.  He 
was  soon  one  of  the  leaders  in  the  Legislature.  He 
also  held  many  other  high  offices. 

Troup  dressed  queerly.  He  liked  to  wear  a  blue 
coat  with  bright  metal  buttons  on  it.  He  would  wear 
a  yellow  vest.    He  did  not  like  a  hat.    He  always 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        145 

wore  a  fur  cap.  He  was  straight  like  an  Indian.  He 
had  blue  eyes  and  curly  hair. 

Troup  was  very  brave  and  honest.  Once  he 
claimed  a  piece  of  land  that  lay  next  to  his  farm.  His 
neighbor  also  claimed  it.  Both  could  not  have  it. 
The  neighbor  said,  "Let  us  ask  some  other  man  to 
decide  to  which  of  us  the  land  belongs."  Troup 
said,  "If  the  land  is  not  mine,  I  will  give  it  up,  but 
I  will  not  compromise."  He  meant  that  he  did  not 
want  the  land  unless  it  were  really  his. 

Troup  did  a  great  deal  for  the  state.  He  was  one 
of  Georgia's  best  Governors  and  greatest  men. 
Troup  County  bears  his  name. 


JESSE    MERCER   AND    HIS    UNCLE    JOHN 

Jesse  Mercer  was  a  good  boy,  but  he  liked  to  hunt 
and  fish.  He  also  liked  to  swim,  and  he  could  swim 
well. 

Jesse  had  an  uncle  whose  name  was  John  Mercer. 
John  was  seven  years  younger  than  Jesse.  He  could 
not  swim. 

One  day  they  went  to  a  lake.  Jesse  went  into  the 
water  to  swim.  John  did  not  go  in  at  first,  for  he  was 
afraid  that  he  might  be  drowned.  On  the  side  where 
they  came  to  the  lake,  the  water  was  very  deep.  But 
there  was  a  shallow,  sandy  place  on  the  other  side. 

John  watched  Jesse  for  a  while.  Jesse  would 
dive  into  the  deep,  black  water,  and  then  come  to  the 
top  and  swim  about.  He  would  float  and  turn  somer- 
saults. Altogether,  he  seemed  to  be  having  a  good 
time. 

At  last  John  thought  that  he  would  like  to  go 

in  the  water  himself.     He  wanted  to  go  in  on  the 

other  side,  where  the  water  was  shallow.     Jesse  said 

he  would  carry  John  across.     Then  John,  too,  could 

go  in  bathing. 
146 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S   NAME  AND   FAME        147 

So  Jesse  took  John  on  his  back  to  swim  across  with 
him.  He  told  John  to  hold  to  him.  He  also  told 
him  not  to  be  afraid,  and  not  to  climb  up  too  high  on 
his  back.     John  said  he  would  do  as  he  was  told. 

Then  Jesse  began  to  swim  across.  The  water 
came  up  on  John  and  he  got  scared.  Besides,  the 
water  was  cold.  John  thought  that  he  was  going  to 
freeze  or  sink — maybe  both — so  he  began  to  climb 
upon  Jesse's  back  and  head. 

Jesse  knew  that  would  not  do.  He  knew  that  both 
of  them  would  be  drowned,  so  he  threw  John  off 
his  back.  John  sank  to  the  bottom  like  a  big  rock. 
Jesse  swam  out  of  his  way,  and  watched  for  him  to 
come  to  the  top.  Great  bubbles  of  air  kept  coming 
up  from  the  bottom.  Jesse  watched  where  the 
bubbles  were  on  top  of  the  water. 

At  last  John  rose  to  the  top.  Then  Jesse  quickly 
caught  John  by  the  hair.  He  swam  to  the  shore 
with  him.  John  was  so  glad  to  get  out  of  the  water 
alive  that  he  did  not  care  to  go  in  again  that  day.  He 
always  said  that  Jesse  had  saved  his  life.  No  one 
knows  whether  John  ever  learned  to  swim  Or  not. 

Jesse  did  not  have  a  good  chance  to  get  an  educa- 
tion while  he  was  a  boy,  but  he  read  and  studied 
at  home  every  chance  he  had.     He  was  so  eager  to 


148       MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

leam  that  he  went  to  school  after  he  was  grown  and 
married. 

He  became  a  minister.  He  also  did  all  that  he 
could  to  help  the  cause  of  education  in  Georgia. 
He  did  a  great  deal  for  Mercer  University  when  it  was 
first  built.  It  is  from  him  that  the  University  takes 
its  name. 


A  POLITE  SOLDIER 

Robert  Bridges  lived  at  Augusta.  When  the 
Mexican  War  began,  he  thought  that  he  would  go. 
He  went  to  Macon,  where  he  found  a  great 
many  other  Georgia  soldiers.  They  were  all  going 
to  fight  the  Mexicans.  Robert  soon  knew  a  great 
many  of  these  soldiers.  He  met  one  young  man 
whose  name  was  William  King.  Robert  and  William 
became  good  friends. 

There  were  enough  of  these  men  to  make  a  regi- 
ment. They  went  on  trains  to  Mobile  in  Alabama. 
From  there  they  were  carried  to  Mexico  on  big  ships. 

It  was  July.  The  weather  was  hot.  The  soldiers 
hunted  cool  places  to  sleep.  Robert  slept  on  the 
wheel-house  of  the  ship. 

One  night  the  wind  blew  hard.  This  made  the 
ship  roll  and  toss  in  the  water.  Robert  slept  on.  The 
wind  blew  harder.  The  ship  rolled  and  tossed  more 
and  more.  Then  Robert  was  rolled  off  the  wheel- 
house  and  tossed  into  the  waves. 

He  woke  up  very  quickly.     At  first  he  sank,  but 

soon  came  to  the  top.    He  shook  the  water  from  his 

149 


ISO        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

head  and  eyes.  Then  he  could  see  the  lights  on  the 
ship.  It  was  going  on  and  on.  He  was  being  left 
behind.  He  began  to  swim  to  keep  from  drowning. 
He  thought  a  shark  might  bite  his  legs  off.  Where 
was  he  to  swim  to?  There  was  no  land  near,  but 
he  kept  on  swimming.  He  could  still  see  the  lights 
on  the  ship,  a  long  way  off. 

At  last  Robert  saw  that  the  ship  had  stopped.  It 
turned  around.  He  was  glad.  They  had  missed 
him  and  were  coming  back.  Before  long  the  ship 
was  not  far  from  him.  He  was  almost  tired  out. 
He  saw  the  men  on  the  ship  let  the  life  boats  down  into 
the  water.  Then  the  men  in  the  boats  went  all  about 
to  find  him.  He  shouted  to  them  as  loud  as  he 
could. 

Robert's  friend,  William,  was  on  one  of  the  boats. 
He  heard  the  shout  and  knew  it  was  Robert.  Soon 
Robert  was  dragged  into  the  boat.    How  glad  he  was ! 

Men  and  boats  were  all  soon  taken  on  the  ship 
again.  Then  Robert  went  to  the  captain.  He 
bowed  very  politely,  and  said,  "Captain,  I  am  sorry 
I  fell  into  the  water  and  delayed  your  ship,  but  I 
thank  you  for  saving  my  life."  We  may  guess  he 
was  more  careful  about  sleeping  on  the  wheel-house 
after  that. 


THE  INDIAN  WHO   MADE  SOME  A,  B,  C'S 

Many  Cherokee  Indians  lived  in  Georgia.  They 
had  no  books.  They  could  not  write  their  words. 
Sometimes  they  made  a  few  picture  signs,  but  it  was 
hard  for  even  the  Indians  to  know  what  these  meant. 

One  day  some  young  Indians  were  speaking  of  the 
white  men.  One  of  them  said  that  white  men  could 
do  many  things  that  the  Indians  could  not.  He  said 
that  they  could  put  talk  on  paper.  He  said  that  the 
paper  could  be  sent  to  any  distance,  and  other  white 
men  would  know  what  the  paper  said.  All  the  In- 
dians but  one  agreed  that  this  was  very  wonderful. 

One  of  the  Indians  was  named  Sequoia.  His 
English  name  was  George  Guess.  He  said  talk  on 
paper  was  not  so  strange,  after  all.  He  said  he  could 
write  talk  himself. 

Then  he  picked  up  a  flat  stone  and  began  to  make 
marks  on  it.  In  a  little  while,  he  read  to  them  a 
sentence  that  he  had  made  on  the  stone.  The  other 
Indians  laughed.  They  thought  it  funny  for  an 
Indian  to  try  to  do  so  strange  a  thing. 

After  that,  Sequoia  kept  thinking  of  talk  on  paper. 

151 


152        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S   NAME  AND  FAME 

He  did  not  know  how  to  read  at  all,  but  he  thought 
that  Cherokee  talk  could  be  put  on  paper  as  well  as 
English.  He  thought  that  if  he  would  try  he  could  do 
it  himself.  He  wanted  his  people  to  have  a  way  to 
write. 

Sequoia  tried  to  make  some  Cherokee  A,  B,  C's. 
He  worked  many  months  at  the  task.  All  the  time 
his  friends  laughed  at  him.  They  thought  he  had 
better  hunt  and  fish,  but  he  would  not  give  up. 

At  first  he  tried  to  have  a  sign  for  each  word. 
After  a  time,  he  knew  that  would  not  do.  There 
would  be  so  many  signs  that  it  would  take  too  long  to 
learn  them  all. 

Then  he  began  to  listen  to  his  people  talk.  In  this 
way,  he  soon  found  out  that  all  the  Cherokee  words 
were  made  up  of  about  eighty  sounds,  so  he  made 
a  sign  for  each  sound.  It  was  then  easy  to  put  them 
together  to  make  whole  words. 

Sequoia  had  somewhere  got  an  English  spelling 
book.  He  did  not  know  the  names  nor  sounds  of  the 
English  letters,  but  he  used  them  in  making  his 
alphabet.  Some  of  them  he  used  as  we  do;  some  he 
turned  bottom  side  upward;  some  he  changed.  He 
invented  some  of  his  letters  himself. 

He  was  very  proud  of  his  A,  B,  C's.    He  told  his 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        153 

friends  that  now  the  Cherokees  could  send  talk  like 
the  white  men.  But  still  they  laughed  at  him,  and 
would  not  use  his  alphabet. 

At  last  Sequoia  went  on  a  visit  to  Arkansas.  He 
taught  some  Cherokees  there  to  write  with  his  alpha- 
bet. One  of  these  Indians  wrote  a  letter  to  a  friend  in 
Georgia. 

Sequoia  brought  the  letter.  The  Cherokee  to 
whom  it  was  sent  could  soon  read  it.  The  Indians 
then  saw  that  their  talk  could  be  written,  so  they 
began  to  use  Sequoia's  alphabet.  They  use  it  yet. 
It  is  very  easy  to  leam.  Now  the  Cherokees  print 
books  and  newspapers  with  these  A,  B,  C's. 

Do  you  think  the  Indians  would  have  an  alphabet 
if  Sequoia  had  given  up  because  they  laughed  ?  Do 
you  not  think  it  wonderful  that  an  Indian  should 
make  so  good  an  alphabet  ? 

Sequoia  liked  to  leam  about  flowers  and  all  kinds 
of  trees.  He  went  to  California.  There  he  saw  the 
big  trees.  These  trees  are  now  called  Sequoia  trees. 
That  is  because  Sequoia  wrote  so  good  a  description 
of  them. 

Tahlequah  is  the  capital  of  the  Indian  Territory. 
The  Indians  have  placed  a  fine  marble  bust  of 
Sequoia  in  this  city. 


ONE   OF  ATLANTA'S   BUILDERS 

The  state  of  Georgia  once  built  a  railroad.  One 
end  of  it  was  near  the  Chattahoochee  River.  A 
town  was  built  there.  At  first  the  town  was  called 
Terminus.     This  word  means  the  end. 

Wilson  Lumpkin  was  a  great,  good  man.  He  was 
one  of  the  Governors  of  Georgia.  He  had  a  daughter 
whose  name  was  Martha.  The  name  of  Terminus 
was  changed.  It  was  called  Marthasville,  in  honor 
of  Governor  Lumpkin's  daughter.  Then  after  a 
time  the  place  was  called  Atlanta. 

When  Atlanta  was  a  new  town,  a  great  many  men 
would  go  there  to  drink  and  gamble.  These  men  did 
not  fear  the  law,  and  would  do  almost  as  they  pleased. 
They  were  bad  men,  and  were  no  help  to  the  town. 

After  a  time  a  new  mayor  was  to  be  elected. 
Jonathan  Norcross  was  made  mayor.  He  was  a 
good  man.  He  said  the  bad  men  would  have  to 
behave  themselves  better.  But  the  bad  men  were 
not  afraid,  and  were  a  little  worse  than  before. 

Then  Mayor  Norcross  had  one  of  the  worst  of  them 

154 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        155 

arrested.  This  man  was  shut  up  in  the  jail.  The 
jail  was  a  small  house,  and  was  built  of  logs. 

When  night  came,  the  friends  of  the  man  got  a  big 
pole.  They  went  to  the  jail  with  it.  They  put  it 
under  the  comer  of  the  house,  and  they  all  pulled 
down  on  it.  In  this  way  the  comer  was  raised,  and 
the  man  came  crawling  out  of  jail.  They  now 
thought  they  had  played  a  great  joke  on  the  mayor. 

Then  all  the  bad  men  began  to  behave  worse  than 
ever.  They  whooped  and  sang.  They  got  a  cannon 
and  took  it  in  front  of  the  mayor's  house.  They  fired 
it  time  and  again.  They  said  they  would  do  as  they 
pleased.  But  Mayor  Norcross  did  not  think  that  they 
would  do  as  they  pleased.  He  had  some  more  of 
them  arrested,  and  he  tried  them  in  his  court.  One 
of  these  was  a  big,  ugly-looking  man.  Mayor  Nor- 
cross said  this  man  must  go  to  jail.  He  told  the 
marshal  to  take  the  man  and  lock  him  up. 

Then  the  bad  man  drew  a  knife  a  foot  long.  It  was 
bright  and  very  sharp.  He  rushed  at  Norcross.  The 
mayor  quickly  picked  up  his  chair  to  knock  the  bad 
man  down.  But  the  sheriff  caught  the  man  and 
took  him  out. 

It  was  dark  outside.  The  man  got  away.  He  ran 
as  fast  as  he  could.    The  sheriff  ran,  too.     He  wanted 


156       MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

to  catch  him.  The  boys  on  the  streets  ran  and 
whooped,  and  the  dogs  barked  and  chased,  but  the 
man  got  away.  It  was  said  that  he  was  never  seen  in 
Atlanta  again.  Most  of  his  friends  left,  too.  A 
better  jail  was  built,  and  while  Norcross  was  mayor, 
no  one  dared  to  behave  badly. 

Atlanta  is  now  the  largest  city  in  Georgia.  There 
are  many  tall  business  houses  and  beautiful  homes. 
There  are  fine  churches  and  pretty  parks.  Norcross 
did  much  to  make  it  so  great  a  city.  It  became  the 
capital  of  Georgia. 


DORA 

For  a  long  time,  Indians  owned  parts  of  Georgia. 
Often  white  men  would  go  into  the  Indian  country 
and  settle.  After  a  time,  too  many  of  them  had 
settled  on  the  Indians'  lands.  As  the  Indians  did 
not  like  this,  they  complained  to  the  Governor.  Then 
the  Governor  sent  soldiers  to  drive  these  white  people 
away. 

This  story  is  from  tradition.  That  means  that 
long  ago  fathers  told  it  to  their  sons.  These  sons 
later  told  it  to  their  sons.  And  so  it  has  been  told 
on  down  to  the  present  time. 

One  of  the  men  who  lived  on  the  Indian  lands  had 
a  little  daughter.  Her  name  was  Dora.  She  was 
bright  and  sweet,  and  very  kind.  She  knew  a  great 
many  of  the  Indians  and  made  friends  of  them.  She 
would  give  them  milk  and  anything  that  the  Indians 
did  not  have.  She  often  went  to  the  wigwams  and 
played  with  the  little  red  children.  When  any  of 
her  Indian  friends  were  sick,  she  would  go  to  see 
them,  and  take  care  of  them.  She  would  carry  them 
medicine  and  good  food. 

157 


158        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

The  Indians  loved  Dora.  They  would  carry  her 
deer  and  turkeys  and  fish.  They  made  her  a  bead 
necklace,  and  a  pair  of  beautiful  soft  moccasins  for 
her  feet. 

Then  the  soldiers  came  to  drive  the  white  man  out 
of  the  red  man's  country.  The  Indians  would  show 
the  soldiers  to  the  places  where  the  white  men  lived, 
but  they  never  led  the  soldiers  to  Dora's  home. 
They  always  led  them  away  from  it.  The  soldiers 
did  not  find  it,  so  the  family  lived  on  in  the  Indian 
country.     Dora  and  her  Indian  friends  were  glad. 

The  place  where  she  lived  is  not  far  from  Atlanta. 
It  is  now  called  Doraville. 


A  FIERCE  PANTHER 

A  long  time  ago,  not  many  people  lived  in  the 
southern  part  of  Georgia.  The  few  who  did  live 
there  kept  great  herds  of  cows  and  sheep.  They  also 
raised  large  droves  of  hogs  in  the  woods. 

There  was  a  man  who  lived  near  the  Allapaha 
River.  One  day  his  two  boys  went  to  hunt  some 
hogs  near  the  river.  Their  dog  left  them  and  went 
off  into  the  swamp.  The  boys  walked  along  the 
edge  of  the  swamp.  The  bushes  and  vines  were 
too  thick  for  them  to  go  into  it. 

After  a  time  they  heard  their  dog  barking  as  if  he 
were  scared  almost  to  death.  Then  they  saw  the 
dog  run  out  of  the  swamp.  Close  behind  the  dog 
came  a  large  panther.  It  was  trying  to  catch  the 
dog. 

The  dog  was  not  caught.  When  the  panther 
saw  the  boys,  it  showed  its  glaring  yellow  eyes  and 
its  big  white  teeth.  It  leaped  at  the  boys  and  seized 
the  older  one.  It  threw  him  on  the  ground  and  bit 
him  again  and  again.  Then  the  panther  thought 
the  boy  was  dead. 

159 


l6o       MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

The  Other  boy  had  run  away  as  fast  as  he  could. 
The  panther  now  went  to  find  him,  but  he  was  too 
late.  The  boy  had  got  away.  When  the  panther 
found  that  he  could  not  catch  this  boy,  he  went  back 
to  the  one  he  had  bitten. 

The  older  boy  had  come  to  his  senses.  He  pre- 
tended to  be  dead.  The  panther  looked  at  him  and 
then  smelled  about  him.  It  then  put  leaves  and 
grass  over  him  and  went  away. 

Now,  as  soon  as  the  panther  left,  the  boy  pushed 
the  leaves  and  grass  from  over  him.  He  looked  about 
to  see  if  the  panther  was  near.  He  did  not  see  it 
anywhere,  so  he  ran  and  hid  himself. 

While  this  was  going  on,  the  younger  boy  ran  ajid 
told  the  neighbors.  They  got  their  guns  and  a  big 
dog  and  went  back  to  kill  the  panther.  When  they 
came  to  where  the  panther  had  hidden  the  older  boy, 
they  found  neither  boy  nor  panther. 

The  men  thought  that  maybe  the  panther  had 
carried  the  boy  away,  so  they  set  the  dog  out  to 
hunt  the  panther.  The  dog  found  its  track  and 
followed  it  into  the  swamp.  He  soon  came  upon 
the  panther  and  brought  it  to  bay.  The  dog  barked 
and  the  ptother  growled. 

The  men  went  into  the   swamp.     They  stopped 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        i6i 

about  thirty  feet  from  the  dog  and  the  panther. 
They  could  see  the  beast,  and  it  looked  very  fierce. 
The  men  were  making  plans  to  kill  it. 

But  the  panther  did  not  wait  for  them  to  make 
their  plans.  Its  own  plans  seemed  to  be  already 
made.     It  leaped  at  a  single  bound  among  the  men. 

I  It  seized  one  of  them  and  dashed  him  on  the  ground. 

One  of  the  men  shot  the  panther,  but  did  not  hurt  it. 

f  Another  man  tried  to  shoot  it,  but  his  gun  did  not 

fire.  This  man  then  drew  a  big  knife  and  cut  its 
throat.  In  the  meantime  the  panther  had  killed  the 
dog.     None  of  the  men  were  much  hurt. 

They  found  the  boy  who  had  been  hurt,  and  then 
went  to  take  the  skin  off  the  panther.  They  carried  it 
home  with  them.  The  boy  soon  got  well.  You  may 
guess  that  these  two  boys  did  not  want  to  meet 
another  panther. 


DR.   CRAWFORD  W.  LONG 

You  know  that  men  are  often  shot  in  battle  so  that 
their  arms  or  legs  have  to  be  cut  off.  Many  times,  too, 
people  have  bad  sores  that  have  to  be  cut.  It  used 
to  give  great  pain  to  have  the  flesh  and  bones  of  the 
body  cut  by  knives  and  saws.  Many  people  would 
die  rather  than  have  it  done,  but  you  shall  now  read 
the  story  of  a  man  who  found  a  way  to  cut  the  flesh 
without  pain. 

Crawford  W.  Long  lived  at  Jefferson,  in  Jackson 
County.  He  was  a  doctor.  He  studied  a  great  deal. 
He  was  always  trying  to  learn  some  new  thing. 

At  that  time,  the  young  people  about  Jefferson  used 
to  have  parties.  They  would  have  fun  by  breathing 
a  kind  of  gas.  This  gas  would  make  them  act 
very  queerly.  Some  of  them  would  laugh  and  others 
would  cry.  Some  would  dance  and  sing  while  others 
would  preach.  It  made  them  do  many  other  strange 
things.     The  young  people  liked  these  parties. 

Sometimes  they  could  not  get  this  gas.     Once  they 

went  to  Dr.  Long  for  some  of  it.     He  did  not  have 

any  of  the  gas,  but  he  told  them  that  ether  would  do 

just  as  well.     Ether  is  made  from  alcohol  and  sul- 
162 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        163 

phur.  The  young  people  tried  it,  and  after  that  they 
began  to  have  ether  parties. 

Dr.  Long  would  sometimes  go  to  these  ether 
parties.  He  soon  saw  that  if  a  person  fell  after  taking 
ether,  it  did  not  give  him  pain.  One  young  man  hurt 
his  foot  so  that  he  could  not  walk  for  over  a  week. 
He  told  Dr.  Long  that  he  felt  no  pain  while  the  in- 
fluence of  the  ether  lasted. 

Dr.  Long  then  thought  that  a  man's  flesh  might  be 
cut  without  pain  if  he  took  ether.  He  tried  it  the  first 
chance  he  had.  Mr.  James  Venable  had  a  large  tumor 
on  his  neck.  Dr.  Long  gave  him  ether,  and  then  cut 
the  tumor  off.     Mr.  Venable  did  not  feel  any  pain. 

Then  there  was  a  negro  who  had  a  very  sore  toe. 
It  would  not  get  well.  Dr.  Long  gave  the  negro  ether 
and  cut  off  the  toe.     It  did  not  hurt  the  negro. 

Dr.  Long  then  knew  that  he  had  found  a  way  to  cut 
live  flesh  without  pain.  He  was  very  glad  he  had 
found  this  out.  He  gave  this  knowledge  freely  to  the 
world.  Since  that  time,  it  has  saved  thousands  of 
lives  as  well  as  a  great  deal  of  pain. 

You  see  Dr.  Long  did  a  great  good  for  the  world. 
He  is  a  Georgian  of  whom  we  should  be  proud.  He 
has  been  honored  by  having  his  statue  placed  in  the 
National  Hall  of  Fame  in  Washington  City. 


THE  LeCONTES 

Joseph  LeConte's  father  lived  in  Liberty  County. 
His  plantation  was  called  Woodmanston.  There  were 
large  fields  of  rice,  cotton,  and  com.  These  fields 
were  worked  by  Mr.  LeConte's  slaves.  He  had 
about  two  hundred  negro  slaves. 

On  this  place  many  kinds  of  work  were  done.  The 
rice  had  to  be  threshed  and  cleaned  of  the  husks. 
The  cotton  had  to  be  picked,  ginned,  and  packed. 
The  com  had  to  be  shucked  and  shelled.  Cloth  was 
made  on  looms.  Leather  was  made  from  cow  hides. 
From  this  leather,  shoes  and  hamesses  were  made. 
There  were  shops  on  the  place.  Here  plows,  wagons, 
hoe-handles,  axe-handles,  almost  everything  used  on 
the  farm,  were  made.  It  was  a  busy  place.  Most 
of  the  work  was  done  by  the  slaves.  But  Joseph  and 
his  brothers  did  their  share  of  it,  too. 

The  LeConte  boys  made  their  own  toys.     They 

would  make  their  marbles  from  clay.    Then  they 

would  bum  them  till  they  were  hard.     The  marbles 

were  good  ones.     They  also  made  bows  and  arrows 

with  which  they  often  hunted. 

Then  after  a  time,  the  boys  wanted  pistols.     They 
164 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        165 

made  molds  from  stiff  paper.  Into  these  molds  they 
poured  melted  pewter.  To  make  the  barrels  hollow, 
they  would  mold  them  about  a  little  round  rod  of 
wood.  Then  the  barrel  was  fixed  to  a  handle. 
These  pistols  shot  very  well.  One  of  the  boys  made 
a  rifle  in  this  way.  It  was  a  very  pretty  one,  and 
it  could  kill  a  squirrel  in  the  top  of  a  high  tree. 

The  boys  hunted  a  great  deal.  Besides  their  bows 
and  arrows,  they  had  guns.  They  killed  rabbits, 
squirrels,  ducks,  and  many  kinds  of  birds.  They 
liked  to  fish,  too.  When  Joseph  was  about  ten  years 
old,  he  and  his  two  brothers  made  a  big  canoe.  It 
was  a  "dugout."  A  "dugout"  is  a  canoe  that  is 
made  by  cutting  and  burning  out  a  single  piece  of  a 
tree.    The  boys  were  happy  in  making  their  canoe. 

After  they  had  finished  their  canoe,  they  would 
spend  whole  days  in  paddling  over  the  large  swamp 
near  Woodmanston.  Sometimes  they  would  put  in 
a  mast  and  sail  the  canoe.  Then  they  would  go  sail- 
ing over  the  big  rice  fields.  The  rice  fields  were  often 
covered  with  water  two  or  three  feet  deep.  Some- 
times the  canoe  would  turn  over,  and  "splash!"  into 
the  water  the  boys  would  go.  But  it  did  not  hurt  them_ 
They  were  strong,  and  it  did  not  make  them  sick  to 
get  wet.    They  all  learned  to  be  good  swimmers. 


1 66        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

There  were  many  alligators  in  the  water  on  the 
plantation.  Alligators  live  in  holes  or  caves  on  the 
edge  of  the  water.  The  LeConte  boys  knew  where 
a  very  large  one  had  its  cave.  The  water  once  got 
so  low  that  they  could  see  his  hole. 

The  boys  and  some  of  the  negroes  made  up  their 
minds  that 'they  would  catch  this  old  fellow.  They 
got  a  long  pole  and  fixed  a  large  iron  hook  in  one  end 
of  it.  They  thrust  this  into  the  alligator's  cave  and 
the  hook  caught  in  his  tough  hide.  He  did  not  like 
that  and  hung  back  as  hard  as  he  could.  It  took 
twenty-five  men  to  pull  him  out.  At  last,  when  he 
was  brought  out,  he  was  very  angry.  He  snapped 
his  great  jaws,  with  their  big  white  teeth,  in  a  very 
ugly  way.  He  was  soon  killed.  After  that  the  boys 
liked  to  swim  at  that  place. 

The  slaves  lived  in  small  houses.  The  "white 
folks'  house"  at  Woodmanston  was  a  large  one.  It 
was  two  stories  high. 

In  a  closet  upstairs  were  a  great  many  guns. 
There  were  rifles  and  shot  guns,  single-barrelled  guns, 
and  double-barrelled  guns. 

There  were  big  guns,  little  guns,  long  guns,  short 
guns — all  sorts  of  guns.  At  last  an  old  negro  named 
Sampson  told  them  why  they  were  there. 


SAMPSON'S  STORY 

Sampson  said  that  right  after  the  Revolution, 
Woodmanston  had  been  owned  by  Joseph's  grand- 
father. At  that  time,  Indians  had  lived  just  be- 
yond the  Altamaha  River,  which  flowed  past  Wood- 
manston. The  Indians  would  sometimes  come  over 
into  Liberty  County.  They  would  take  all  the  rice, 
com,  meat,  and  horses  they  wanted.  They  would 
kill  anyone  who  tried  to  keep  them  from  taking  these 
things.  After  they  had  taken  what  they  wanted  they 
would  go  back  across  the  Altamaha  into  their  own 
country. 

Sampson  said  that  the  boys'  grandfather  had  built 
a  small  fort  to  protect  his  family  and  slaves  from  the 
Indians.  The  guns  the  boys  had  seen  in  the  closet 
had  been  put  into  the  fort  to  fight  the  Indians  with. 
The  boys'  grandfather  had  said  to  his  slaves,  "  If  the 
Indians  ever  come,  you  must  run  to  the  fort  as 
quickly  as  you  can." 

One  day  about  noon,  the  negroes  came  running  to 

the  fort.     They  were  badly  scared.     The  Indians 

167 


i68        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

were  close  behind  them.  Most  of  the  negroes  got 
inside  the  fort.  All  the  LeContes,  too,  quickly  went 
into  it. 

But  one  big  negro  man  was  caught  by  two  Indians 
near  the  gate.  They  began  to  struggle.  The  negro 
was  trying  to  get  away.  All  three  fell  to  the  ground 
together. 

The  boys'  grandfather  wanted  to  save  the  negro's 
life,  so  he  fired  a  load  of  buckshot  into  the  mass  on 
the  ground.  The  two  Indians  were  killed.  The 
negro  was  struck,  but  not  much  hurt.  He  sprang 
up  and  ran  into  the  fort. 

There  were  a  great  many  of  the  Indians.  They 
were  soon  all  around  the  fort.  The  battle  lasted  two 
or  three  hours.  Sampson  said  that  the  boys'  grand- 
father and  some  of  the  bravest  negroes  stood  at  the 
loopholes  and  fired  at  the  Indians.  Then  they  would 
hand  the  guns  back  to  others  to  be  loaded.  In  this 
way  they  could  fire  quick  and  fast. 

At  last,  the  chief  wanted  all  the  Indians  to  rush 
on  the  fort  at  one  time.  They  hoped  in  this  way  to 
take  it.  But  when  the  chief  came  from  behind  the 
tree  where  he  hid,  the  boys'  grandfather  fired  at 
him  and  broke  his  leg.  The  Indians  at  once  took 
him  away.     They  took  horses  from  the  stables  and 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        169 

tied  the  chief  fast  on  one  of  them.  All  the  Indians 
then  left.  They  ran  away  to  their  own  country  as 
fast  as  they  could. 

And  this  is  the  story  Sampson  told  the  LeConte 
boys  of  the  guns  in  the  closet  upstairs. 


THE    BOY   WHO    BECAME  A    GEOLOGIST 

The  LeConte  boys'  father  was  a  very  wise  man. 
He  was  well  educated.  Upstairs  in  his  house,  he 
fitted  up  a  room  for  himself.  There  he  would  work 
and  study  chemistry.  Sometimes  he  would  take  the 
boys  into  the  room  and  let  them  watch  him  at  work. 
They  liked  this,  and  they  came  to  like  chemistry,  too. 
They  wanted  to  know  more  of  it. 

These  boys  also  liked  to  find  birds,  flowers,  plants, 
and  shells.  These  they  would  take  to  their  father  to 
learn  their  names,  and  to  find  out  all  they  could  about 
them.  He  could  always  tell  them  something  about 
these  things. 

Later,  Joseph  and  John  went  to  college.  After 
they  were  men,  John  became  president  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  California.  Joseph  was  a  professor  in  the 
same  university. 

Joseph  was  a  great  geologist.     A  geologist  is  one 

who  learns  all  he  can  about  the  way  the  earth  has 

been  made  and  changed.     Professor  Joseph  LeConte 

wrote  some  great  books.     He  was  a  Georgian  of 

whom  we  may  well  be  proud.     . 
170 


A  BOY  WHO   WENT  TO  AN   OLD   FIELD 
SCHOOL 

Richard  Malcolm  Johnson  could  read  when  he 
was  a  very  little  boy.  After  he  was  a  man,  he  said 
that  he  could  not  remember  when  he  learned  to  read. 
He  could  read  almost  as  soon  as  he  could  walk.  His 
father  was  very  proud  of  him. 

Once  there  was  company  in  the  house.  Richard 
was  playing  about  the  room  where  they  all  were.  A 
man  who  was  present  said  something  to  Richard. 
This  made  Richard's  father  tell  the  man  that  Richard 
could  read.  The  man  then  wanted  to  hear  so  little 
a  boy  read.  So  Mr.  Johnson  took  Richard  upon  his 
knee.     He  gave  Richard  a  book  and  told  him  to  read. 

Richard  tried,  but  he  was  so  excited  that  he  could 
not  read  a  word.  He  tried  and  tried,  and  at  last  gave 
it  up.  His  father  felt  very  much  ashamed  of  him. 
He  put  him  on  the  floor  and  sent  him  to  play. 

A  year  or  two  later,  time  came  for  Richard  to  go  to 

school.     His  mother  put  his  dinner  in  a  little  bucket. 

He  took  it  and  his  book  and  went  with  some  other 

children.     They  had  a  good  long  walk  to  the  school. 

171 


172        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

They  went  through  the  woods  and  fields.  On  the 
way  they  saw  a  squirrel.  A  rabbit  ran  across  the 
road.  The  children  ran  after  it  and  tried  to  catch  it, 
but  the  rabbit  outran  them.  Birds  sang  in  the  trees, 
bees  hummed  here  and  there,  and  flowers  bloomed 
all  along  the  way. 

Then  they  came  to  the  school-house.  It  was  a 
small  log-house  on  the  edge  of  an  old  field.  An  old 
field  is  a  field  no  longer  tended.  It  is  nearly  always 
grown  up  in  old  field  pines,  broomsedge,  and  weeds. 
In  those  times  the  school-house  was  nearly  always 
built  in  an  old  field.  There  was  a  cleared  place  for 
the  school.  Such  a  school  was  called  an  "old  field 
school." 

When  the  children  came  in  sight,  they  saw  other 
boys  and  girls  who  had  come  to  the  school.  They 
were  shouting  and  playing.  Richard  put  up  his  book, 
and  hung  his  bucket  on  a  peg  in  the  house.  Then  he 
was  soon  playing  with  the  other  children,  and  having 
a  good  time. 

Before  long,  a  big,  grand-looking  man  came  up. 
The  shouting  and  noise  of  the  children  stopped.  The 
man  went  into  the  house  and  put  up  his  hat  and 
book.  He  was  the  teacher.  He  then  came  to  the 
door,  and  called  out,  "Books,  books!"    The  chil- 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        173 

dren  all  ran  into  the  house.  They  were  soon  busy 
with  their  lessons. 

The  teacher  soon  called  Richard  up  to  him,  and 
asked  his  name  and  age.  He  then  gave  Richard  his 
lesson,  and  sent  him  to  his  seat  to  learn  it. 

When  Richard's  time  came,  he  "said"  his  lesson. 
Then  came  recess  and  all  the  children  went  to  play. 
They  played  "Prisoner's  Base"  and  "Old  Blue 
Bear"  and  "Hand-cat."  The  recess  lasted  about 
fifteen  minutes,  and  then  the  teacher  called  "Books!" 
again. 

At  noon  the  children  had  an  hour.  They  took 
their  buckets  and  went  out  and  ate  their  dinner. 
Then  more  play.  They  also  had  a  recess  in  the 
afternoon.  At  last,  when  the  sun  was  about  down, 
school  was  dismissed.  Then  all  the  boys  and  girls 
went  home.  Thus  ended  Richard's  first  day  at 
school. 

Richard  went  to  this  teacher  for  some  time.  The 
teacher  kept  a  large  yellow  book.  He  would  draw 
pictures  in  it.  One  day  he  was  busy  drawing  a  pic- 
ture in  the  book.  Richard  wanted  to  ask  a  ques- 
tion. He  put  his  finger  on  the  word  in  his  book. 
Then  he  went  walking  up  to  the  teacher.  Richard 
was  thinking  of  his  question.    He  did  not  look  where 


174        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

he  was  going,  so  he  ran  against  the  teacher's  arm. 
This  made  the  teacher  spoil  his  picture.  Richard 
was  badly  scared.  The  teacher  scolded  him  and 
sent  him  back  to  his  seat.  He  did  not  get  his  ques- 
tion answered.  You  may  be  sure  he  was  more  care- 
ful next  time. 

The  pupils  begged  their  teacher  to  give  them  a 
holiday.  He  would  not.  They  asked  him  again  for 
a  holiday.  He  still  said  "No."  At  last  all  the  pupils 
caught  him.  He  kicked  and  squirmed  and  tried  to 
get  away.  But  the  big  boys  and  girls  held  him  fast. 
They  took  him  down  to  the  spring.  He  still  would 
not  give  them  a  holiday.  So  then  they  ducked  him 
in  the  cold  spring  water.  Then  he  gave  them  a 
holiday. 

The  next  year  there  was  a  new  teacher  in  the  school. 
He  was  a  very  cruel  man.  Richard  went  to  school 
again.  One  day  he  and  another  little  boy  missed 
their  lessons.  The  teacher  called  them  to  him.  The 
boys  were  scared. 

The  teacher  made  Richard  take  the  other  boy  on 
his  back.  It  was  as  if  Richard  were  a  horse  and  the 
other  boy  the  rider.  The  teacher  then  took  a  long, 
tough  switch  in  his  hand.  He  struck  the  other  boy. 
He  made  Richard  run  and  caper  as  if  he  were  a  horse. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        175 

Richard  neighed  and  kicked.  All  the  time  the  teacher 
was  whipping  the  boy  who  was  on  Richard's  back. 
Then  the  teacher  made  them  change  places,  and 
Richard  got  the  whipping  and  the  other  boy  was  the 
horse.  This  was  hard  on  the  boys.  It  made  the 
other  children  laugh.  It  also  made  them  learn  their 
lessons.  These  two  were  not  the  only  boys  who 
played  "horse"  in  school. 

Another  day,  several  boys  and  girls  missed  their 
lessons.  The  teacher  made  them  all  take  off  their 
shoes  and  stockings.  He  then  made  them  stand  in 
a  ring,  one  behind  another.  At  the  word,  they  all 
began  to  run.  The  teacher  stood  near  with  a  switch. 
He  would  strike  them  on  their  bare  legs  as  they  ran 
past  him.  Around  and  around  they  ran  and  he 
whipped  and  whipped.  This  was  called  the  "cir- 
cus." In  this  school  there  was  a  circus  nearly  every 
day.    Would  you  like  to  be  in  such  a  circus  ? 

In  the  "old  field  school"  there  was  a  new  teacher 
nearly  every  year.  One  of  Richard's  teachers  was  a 
very  stem  man.  Richard  was  afraid  to  miss  a  lesson. 
He  would  sometimes  pray  before  he  went  to  recite. 
He  would  pray  that  he  might  know  his  lessons,  and 
not  get  a  whipping. 

Richard  had  one  good  teacher  at  this  school.     This 


176       MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME 

teacher  could  have  the  pupils  learn  their  lessons  with- 
out whipping  them  much.  He  would  keep  a  list  of 
each  pupil's  lessons.  If  a  lesson  were  missed,  he 
would  mark  it  down  "imperfect."  At  the  close  of 
the  school,  he  would  read  out  the  pupils'  names,  and 
the  number  of  imperfect  lessons.  Richard  was  very 
proud,  for  on  the  last  day  of  school  the  teacher  read, 
"Richard  Johnson,  imperfects,  none." 

When  he  was  a  man,  he  taught  school  himself  for 
several  years.  He  was  chosen  to  be  president  of 
Mercer  University  when  he  was  only  thirty-five  years 
old,  but  he  would  not  accept  the  place.  He  set  up 
a  school  of  his  own  in  Baltimore. 

Later  he  became  a  great  writer.  Most  of  his 
books  are  about  Georgia  people.  You  would  enjoy 
reading  them. 


THE  MAN  WHO  MADE  A  SEWING  MACHINE 

People  used  to  do  all  their  sewing  with  their  fingers. 
There  were  no  sewing  machines.  It  was  hard  work 
to  make  clothes.  It  took  almost  a  day  to  do  the  work 
that  can  now  be  done  in  an  hour. 

Francis  R.  Goulding  was  a  minister.  He  was  also 
a  doctor.  He  lived  for  a  time  at  Eatonton.  His 
wife  was  not  strong,  and  they  had  a  large  family  of 
boys  and  girls.  Mrs.  Goulding  was  not  well  enough 
to  sit  up  and  sew  with  her  fingers  to  make  clothes  for 
the  children.  But  they  must  have  them,  so  she 
did  her  best  to  make  enough  to  keep  them  all  warm. 

Dr.  Goulding  saw  that  she  was  having  a  hard  time. 
He  was  sad  because  she  was  sick  and  had  to  work  so 
hard.  He  set  to  work  to  see  if  he  could  not  help  her. 
As  he  could  not  sew  very  well  himself,  he  could  not 
help  her  very  much  that  way.  He  thought  that  some 
kind  of  a  machine  could  be  made  that  would  run  the 
needle.    He  began  to  try  to  make  such  a  machine. 

At  last  he  found  the  right  idea.     Then  he  soon 

made  a  machine  that  would  sew  for  his  wife.     She 

was  glad,  because  she  could  now  make  enough  clothes 

177 


178        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME 

for  all  the  children.  She  was  the  first  woman  to  sew 
on  a  machine. 

Dr.  Goulding  was  the  first  man  to  make  a  sewing 
machine.  He  made  his  machine  a  whole  year  before 
anyone  else  made  one.  But  he  did  not  try  to  keep 
others  from  making  and  selling  sewing  machines. 
He  took  out  no  patent  on  it.  He  was  glad  enough 
that  he  had  made  it.  He  was  more  glad  that  his  sick 
wife  did  not  have  to  sew  any  more  with  her  fingers. 

Dr.  Goulding  wrote  some  good  books.  One  of 
them  is  a  story.  It  is  called  "The  Young  Maroon- 
ers."  He  took  three  years  to  write  it.  He  would 
write  a  part  of  the  book.  Then  he  would  read  it  to 
his  children.  They  liked  his  story,  and  he  put  many 
things  into  it  to  please  them.  So  you  see  that  his 
children  really  helped  him  to  write  it. 

"The  Young  Marooners"  is  a  story  of  some  boys 
and  a  girl  who  were  dragged  away  in  a  boat  by  a  large 
sea  fish.  They  were  carried  far  away  before  the  fish 
let  their  boat  loose.  Then  the  children  landed  on  an 
island  near  the  coast  of  Florida.  There  were  Indians 
and  many  wild  animals  there.  They  stayed  here  a 
long  time  before  their  father  found  them.  The  chil- 
dren had  a  great  many  exciting  adventures  on  the 
island.     You  must  read  the  book  some  time. 


A  FIGHT  WITH  A  BEAR 

In  the  mountains  of  North  Georgia  is  a  beautiful 
waterfall.  It  is  called  Tallulah  Falls.  The  water 
tumbles  from  the  top  of  a  high  ledge  of  rock,  and 
dashes  in  foamy  spray  at  its  foot.  Many  people  go 
there  to  see  the  falls. 

Near  this  place,  there  once  lived  a  man  whose 
name  was  Adam  Vandever.  He  liked  to  hunt  so  well 
that  people  called  him  "the  hunter  of  Tallulah."  He 
roved  far  and  wide  over  the  mountains  and  valleys. 
He  shot  squirrels,  turkeys,  deer,  and  sometimes  bears. 

When  he  was  an  old  man,  he  liked  to  tell  stories 
of  his  hunts.  He  told  this  story  to  a  man  who  went 
to  see  the  falls. 

Once  when  he  was  hunting,  he  used  all  his  powder 

and  shot.     Then  he  started   home.     He  had  not 

gone  far  when  he  heard  his  dogs  begin  to  bark.     The 

barking  grew  louder,  and  he  heard  one  of  his  dogs 

howl.    He  thought  something  had  hurt  the  dog, 

so  he  ran  as  fast  as  he  could  toward  the  dogs.     He 

soon  came  in  sight  of  them.    He  saw  a  large  bear 

179 


i8o       MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

Standing  up  like  a  man.  The  bear  had  one  of  his 
best  dogs  between  his  fore  legs,  and  was  about  to 
squeeze  him  to  death.  This  dog  was  howling.  The 
other  dogs  were  keeping  out  of  reach  and  barking. 

Vandever  loved  his  dogs,  and  did  not  want  the  bear 
to  kill  this  one.  But  he  could  not  shoot,  so  he  drew 
a  big  knife  and  ran  up.  The  bear  saw  him  and 
turned  the  dog  loose.  Vandever  tried  to  cut  the  bear 
with  the  big  knife.  As  the  bear  did  not  want  any 
holes  in  his  hide,  he  tried  to  keep  the  man  away. 
He  knocked  and  clawed  as  hard  as  he  could.  He 
scratched  nearly  all  the  clothes  off  of  Vandever.  He 
struck  so  hard  and  fast  that  he  almost  knocked 
Vandever  dovm.  Vandever  got  mad.  Then  he 
made  a  great  lunge  at  the  bear  with  the  knife,  but 
the  bear  was  ready.  He  struck  back,  so  that  Van- 
dever cut  off  two  of  his  own  fingers.  Then  Van- 
dever fought  harder  than  ever.  He  soon  cut  the  bear 
so  that  he  died. 

He  took  the  bear's  hide  home  with  him.  He  went 
back  and  got  some  of  his  meat.  He  had  bear  meat 
for  a  long  time. 


SIDNEY  LANIER  AND  HIS  FLUTE 

Sidney  and  Clifford  Lanier  were  two  brothers. 
The  family  lived  in  Bibb  County.  The  two  boys 
liked  to  ramble  in  the  woods  and  fields.  Together 
they  would  hunt  birds  and  squirrels.  They  often 
hunted  flowers,  berries,  nuts,  and  grapes.  They 
liked  to  sit  on  the  banks  of  the  river  and  fish.  They 
would  spend  hours  at  a  time  fishing. 

Sidney  liked  music.  He  made  his  first  music  with 
"bones."  He  would  keep  time  with  them  as  negroes 
do  in  dance  tunes.  Then  his  mother  helped  him  to 
learn  to  play  on  the  piano.  He  could  soon  play  well 
on  the  piano,  the  banjo,  and  the  violin.  He  could 
play  even  before  he  could  write. 

He  made  his  playmates  into  a  minstrel  band.  One 
boy  had  a  fife.  Another  had  a  tin  pan  for  a  drum. 
A  third  had  bones,  and  so  on.  Sidney  himself  was 
the  leader  of  the  band.  Can  you  guess  what  great 
music  they  made? 

When  Sidney  was  about  nine  years  old,  he  went  to 
his  stocking  one  Christmas  morning  to  see  what  Santa 

i8i 


i82        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME 

Claus  had  brought  for  him.  He  found  apples,  can- 
dies, and  toys.  But  best  of  all  to  Sidney,  was  a  pretty 
little  yellow  flute.  He  began  to  play  on  his  flute  at 
once.  All  the  other  gifts  of  Santa  were  forgotten. 
He  easily  learned  to  play  the  flute  and  always  dearly 
loved  it. 

Sidney  liked  to  hear  stories  told.  He  liked  best 
stories  of  olden  times,  when  brave  knights  fought 
fierce  battles  with  their  swords  and  spears. 

His  parents  wanted  him  to  learn  to  read  the  stories 
for  himself.  He  was  then  seven  years  old.  He 
would  have  to  learn  the  A,  B,  C's  first.  They  looked 
like  queer  marks  to  him.  He  tried  and  tried,  but  he 
could  not  learn  them  easily.  Then  he  was  given  a 
whipping.  After  a  time,  he  learned  the  letters. 
Then  he  learned  to  read. 

He  now  read  a  great  deal.  More  than  ever,  he 
liked  the  stories  of  heroes  and  knightly  deeds.  He 
liked  to  read  the  books  that  would  make  him  better. 
He  wanted  to  learn  from  them  to  be  "fair  in  trade, 
loyal  in  love,  generous  to  the  poor,  tender  in  the 
household,  prudent  in  living,  simple  in  behavior,  and 
honest  in  all  things." 

Sidney  made  his  playmates  into  a  military  com- 
pany.    They  had  bows  and  arrows.     Sidney  was 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME-       183 

their  captain,  and  he  had  a  wooden  sword.  They 
carried  on  great  wars  and  fought  battles  fiercely. 
Fields  were  lost  and  victories  won,  but  if  any  blood 
was  shed,  no  one  ever  heard  tell  of  it. 

When  he  was  older,  Sidney  went  through  college. 
Then  he  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  War.  After  that 
he  taught  school.  But  he  always  kept  his  flute  with 
him.  He  now  had  a  large  fine  one.  In  the  war,  he 
was  once  taken  prisoner.  He  hid  his  flute  in  his 
sleeve.  In  this  way  he  took  it  into  the  prison  with 
him.     It  was  good  company  for  Lanier. 

Sidney  Lanier  became  a  poet.  He  is  the  South's 
greatest  poet.  You  must  read  some  time  his  "Song 
of  the  Chattahoochee"  and  "The  Marshes  of 
Glynn." 


A  BOY  WHO  LOVED  HIS  MOTHER 

Abram  Ryan  was  a  very  serious,  thoughtful  boy. 
He  loved  his  mother  very  much.  She  was  a  good 
woman.  She  took  a  great  deal  of  pains  to  teach  little 
Abram.  She  often  talked  to  him  of  God,  and  then 
she  would  pray  for  him.  She  died  while  he  was  a 
young  man. 

After  he  was  a  man,  he  wrote  majiy  beautiful 
poems.  One  of  them  was  about  his  mother's  prayers. 
He  said  in  this  poem: 

"I  felt 
That  when  I  knelt 
To  listen  to  my  mother's  prayer, 
God  was  with  my  mother  there." 

Ryan  made  his  poems  into  a  book.  In  it  he  said 
he  would  place  his  poems  on  her  grave  as  a  "garland 
of  affection."  In  this  way  he  would  show  how  much 
he  loved  her. 

He  became  a  priest  in  the  Catholic  Church.     Then 

he  was  "Father  Ryan."    He  was  a  strong,  brave 
184 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME        185 

man.  When  the  Civil  War  came,  he  joined  the 
Confederate  Army  as  a  chaplain.  A  chaplain 
preaches  to  the  soldiers  and  prays  for  them.  The 
soldiers  loved  Father  Ryan  very  much. 

Once  smallpox  broke  out  in  a  great  prison.  All 
the  chaplains  ran  avi^ay  and  left  the  poor  prisoners. 
One  of  the  prisoners  who  was  about  to  die  begged 
for  a  priest.  No  one  could  be  found  to  go  to  the  sick 
man.  They  were  all  afraid  they  too  would  take 
smallpox  and  perhaps  die.  But  when  Father  Ryan 
heard  of  the  dying  man,  he  said  that  he  would  go. 
He  went  and  stayed  with  the  poor  sick  man  for  many 
weeks. 

.  We  should  be  proud  that  he  lived  in  Georgia,  he 
was  so  good  a  man  as  well  as  a  great  oneo  He  was 
a  true  Southerner.  One  of  his  best  poems  is  called 
"The  Sword  of  Lee."  He  thought  General  Robert 
E.  Lee  a  very  great  man. 


ALEXANDER  STEPHENS 


LITTLE  ALECK 

Alexander  Stephens  was  one  of  Georgia's  greatest 
men,  but  his  body  was  small.  He  never  weighed 
much  more  than  ninety  pounds.  So  you  see  he  was 
about  the  size  of  a  twelve-year-old  boy.  He  was  often 
called  "Little  Aleck."  He  was  sick  nearly  all  his 
life. 

After  he  was  a  man  and  in  Congress,  he  once  went 
to  a  hotel  with  two  other  men.  As  he  was  weak  and 
tired,  he  sat  on  a  lounge  in  the  hall.  The  other  two 
men  were  still  standing  when  the  landlady  came  in. 
She  thought  Stephens  was  a  country  boy.  She 
thought  Stephens  was  not  polite  enough  to  offer  his 
seat  to  the  grown  man.  So  she  said,  "My  son,  get 
up  and  let  these  gentlemen  have  this  seat."  The 
two  men  laughed.  So  did  Stephens.  The  lady  felt 
very  bad  \vhen  she  found  out  who  the  "boy"  was. 

His  mother  died  when  he  was  very  young.     His 

father  brought  home  another  for  him,  but  he  missed 

the  love  and  care  of  his  own  mother.     Then  his 

father  died  when  Aleck  was  about  fourteen  years  old. 
187 


i88        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

After  that  he  went  to  live  with  his  uncle.  He 
helped  his  uncle  with  the  farm  work.  He  also  went 
to  school  and  learned  all  he  could. 

Later  he  went  to  college.  He  had  a  hard  time  to 
get  his  education.  Some  kind  people  helped  him. 
He  paid  them  back  as  soon  as  he  was  able.  He  did 
not  forget  the  hard  times  he  had,  so,  after  he  had 
money  enough,  he  helped  thirty-six  young  men 
through  college. 

Stephens  became  a  lawyer.  You  might  like  to 
hear  the  story  of  his  first  case  in  court.  It  was  twenty 
miles  to  where  court  was  to  be  held.  He  did  not  own 
a  horse,  nor  did  he  have  money  to  hire  one.  He 
knew  that  he  was  too  weak  to  walk  so  far.  But  he 
wished  to  look  as  well  as  he  could  before  the  Judge 
and  the  other  lawyers  in  court. 

The  weather  was  hot,  but  as  it  was  cooler  at  night 
he  took  a  bundle  of  clean  clothes,  and  set  out  just  as 
night  came  on.  He  walked  along  as  fast  as  he  could. 
When  he  was  tired,  he  sat  on  a  rock  or  a  stump  by  the 
road  and  rested.  In  this  way,  he  walked  ten  miles 
to  his  uncle's.  This  uncle  was  glad  to  lend  the  young 
lawyer  a  horse  to  ride  the  rest  of  the  way.  The  next 
morning  Aleck  got  on  the  horse  and  rode  on  to  the 
court. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        189 

Just  before  he  reached  the  place  where  court  was 
to  be  held,  he  rode  into  the  woods.  He  got  down 
from  his  horse.  He  took  off  his  soiled  clothes.  Then 
he  put  on  his  clean  ones,  and  fixed  himself  to  look 
as  weU  as  he  could.  He  looked  so  neat  and  pleaded 
so  well,  he  easily  won  his  case. 

Alexander  Stephens  became  a  great  lawyer.  He 
was  made  Vice-President  of  the  Confederate  States. 
He  was  also  one  of  the  Governors  of  Georgia.  A 
county  is  named  in  his  honor. 


LITTLE  ALECK'S    DOGS 

Stephens  bought  a  fine  home  for  himself.  It  was 
called  Liberty  Hall.  It  was  at  Crawfordsville  in 
Taliaferro  County.  It  was  a  pleasant  home,  and 
many  people  would  make  visits  there.  All  were 
welcome. 

There  were  no  boys  and  girls  to  laugh  and  romp  at 
Liberty  Hall,  but  Stephens  loved  dogs.  He  had  a 
huge  brown  mastiff  named  Troup.  Then  there  was 
the  little  black  terrier,  Frank,  who  was  always  ready 
to  snap  and  snarl.  Sir  Bingo  Bincks  was  a  third  dog, 
just  a  yellow  pup.  Stephens  loved  best  of  all  Rio, 
a  poodle.     This  dog  slept  in  the  room  with  his  master. 

Sometimes  Stephens  was  so  ill  he  had  to  lie  in  bed 

for  weeks.    Then  Rio  would  stay  with  him  all  the 

time.    The  dog  seemed  to  want  to  take  care  of  his 

master.     But  most  of  the  time  Stephens  was  strong 

enough  to  rise  in  the  morning  and  stir  about.     Then 

the  first  thing,  after  they  got  up,  was  a  merry  romp  for 

the  two.     Stephens  would  pull  Rio's  ears  and  pinch 

him.     Rio  would  get  away.     Stephens  would  try  to 

catch  him.     Of  course  he  could  not,  for  Rio  could 
190 


.  MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        191 

outrun  him.  Then  Rio  would  bark  and  snarl  and 
make  out  he  was  trying  to  catch  his  master.  In  this 
way  they  would  play  till  the  master  was  tired. 

Rio  nearly  always  went  with  his  master  on  his  trips. 
But  sometimes  he  was  left  at  home.     Then  he  would 


RIO 


meet  every  train  to  see  if  Stephens  was  on  it.  Rio 
would  get  on  the  train  and  go  all  through  it  looking 
for  his  master.  It  was  easy  to  tell  when  Stephens 
did  come  home,  Rio  would  bark  and  caper  so. 

Rio  was  a  useful  dog.  He  would  close  a  door  when 
told  to  do  so.  His  master  often  sent  him  to  bring  his 
hat  and  cane.  When  at  last  Rio  died,  Stephens  had 
him  buried  in  a  neat  little  grave  near  the  house. 


MONUMENT  TO  BEN  HILL  IN  STATE  CAPITOL 


A  BOY  WHO  LED  HIS  CLASS 

Benjamin  Hill  lived  in  Troup  County.  His  father 
was  a  farmer.  Ben  worked  in  the  fields  and  grew  up 
large  and  strong.  He  went  to  school  whenever  he 
had  the  chance. 

Ben's  father  did  not  think  it  would  be  best  for  Ben 
to  go  to  college.  Ben's  older  brother  had  gone  to 
college  and  afterwards  went  to  Texas  to  fight  Lidians. 
His  father  thought  there  was  no  use  to  go  to  college 
to  learn  to  fight  Indians,  so  he  did  not  wish  to  spend 
money  to  send  Ben  also  to  a  college. 

But  Ben  wanted  a  college  education  very  much. 
He  did  not  have  any  money  of  his  own.  His  mother 
said  that  she  would  give  him  all  she  could  make  on  her 
patch  of  cotton.  One  of  his  aunts  said  she  would 
give  as  much  more.  Then,  at  last,  his  father  said  he 
would  give  the  rest  for  his  expenses  in  college. 

Ben   promised    not    to    spend    more   than    three 

hundred  dollars  a  year.     He  also  promised  his  mother 

that  he  would  take  the  first  honor  in  his  class.     That 

meant  that  he  would  get  better  lessons  than  any  other 

193 


194        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

boy  in  the  class.  His  mother  wanted  him  to  go  more 
than  anyone  else.  So  he  began  to  get  ready  for 
college. 

He  went  to  the  State  University  at  Athens.  When 
he  reached  Athens,  he  found  many  other  boys  and 
young  men  already  there.  Ben  wore  a  homemade 
suit  of  gray  jeans.  His  coat  was  too  long.  He  had 
on  a  pair  of  coarse  shoes  that  had  been  made  at  home. 
His  trousers  fitted  too  tightly,  and  just  reached  the 
tops  of  his  shoes.  He  was  very  tall.  His  face  was 
pale.  He  looked  very  funny  as  he  stalked  about  in 
these  queer  clothes.  It  is  said  that  he  was  the  most 
awkward  boy  that  entered  the  University  that  year. 
No  one  would  have  thought  that  Ben  would  be  the 
one  of  all  those  boys  to  lead  the  class. 

But  as  he  had  promised  his  mother  to  do  that  very 
thing,  he  went  to  work  and  did  it.  No  boy  had  such 
good  lessons  as  he.  Soon  he  was  also  one  of  the  best 
speakers  in  the  University,  and  a  leader  among  the 
students. 

When  he  had  finished  at  college,  he  became  a 
lawyer.  Later  he  held  many  offices  of  trust  for  the 
people  of  Georgia.  The  Legislature  has  named  a 
rich  county  in  his  honor. 

A  man  once  became  angry  with  Hill.    He  asked 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        195 

Hill  to  fight  a  duel  with  him.  In  a  duel  two  men  try 
to  kill  each  other.  At  that  tinie,  this  was  the  common 
way  for  men  to  settle  their  quarrels.  A  man  who 
would  not  fight  a  duel  was  thought  to  be  a  coward. 

Ben  Hill  thought  that  he  ought  not  to  fight  in  this 
way,  so  he  wrote  to  the  man  and  said,  "I  have  no 
ill-will  towards  you  and  could  not  shoot  at  you.  If  I 
should  shoot  at  you  and  kill  you,  my  peace  of  mind 
would  be  lost,  and  I  could  not  be  happy  when  I 
thought  of  it." 

The  people  loved  Hill.  They  did  not  think  that 
he  was  a  coward.  They  were  glad  that  he  would  not 
fight  a  duel.  This  act  of  Hill  helped  to  put  an  end 
to  duels  in  Georgia. 

Ben  Hill  loved  his  state  and  his  country.  All 
Georgians  are  proud  of  him.  There  is  a  fine  monu- 
ment to  him  in  the  Capitol  in  Atlanta.  On  one  side 
of  the  monument  may  be  read  some  of  his  own  words. 
Here  they  are ;  "  Who  saves  his  country  saves  himself, 
saves  all  things,  and  all  things  saved  do  bless  him. 
Who  lets  his  country  die,  lets  all  things  die,  dies  him- 
self ignobly,  and  all  things  dying  curse  him." 


THE  BOY  WHO  PLOWED   OXEN 

Dahlonega  is  a  town  in  Lumpkin  County.  The 
Indians  named  it  a  long  time  ago.  Dahlonega,  in 
their  language,  means  yellow  money.  The  place  was 
so  named  because  gold  was  found  there. 

There  are  gold  mines  at  Dahlonega  and  there  used 
to  be  a  mint.  A  mint  is  a  place  where  gold,  silver, 
or  other  metals  are  made  into  money.  So  a  good 
many  people  lived  at  Dahlonega,  to  work  the  mines 
and  the  mint. 

A  tall,  slender  boy  used  to  come  driving  into  Dah- 
lonega. His  name  was  Joseph  Brown.  He  drove 
two  oxen  named  Buck  and  Tom.  They  were  hitched 
to  a  little  cart.  Joseph  was  bringing  wood,  butter, 
and  vegetables  to  sell  to  the  people  in  the  town.  After 
he  sold  them,  he  would  buy  a  few  things  his  father 
and  mother  and  the  children  needed.  He  would 
then  drive  Buck  and  Tom  back,  far  over  the  moun- 
tains, to  his  home. 

Joseph  would  plow  the  oxen  to  make  the  crop.     He 

worked  hard  to  help  make  a  living  for  the  family. 

There  was  little  time  for  him  to  go  to  school. 

196 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME:        197 

At  last  when  Joseph  was  twenty  years  old,  his 
father  gave  him  the  two  oxen.  His  father  said,  "  You 
may  now  go  and  get  an  education." 

Joseph  was  very  glad.  He  took  the  two  oxen  and 
went  away. 

He  went  to  a  school  in  South  Carolina.  He  was 
sorry  to  part  with  Buck  and  Tom,  for  they  were  old 
friends,  but  he  gave  them  to  pay  for  his  board  for 
eight  months.  He  went  in  debt  for  his  schooling. 
Then  he  studied  hard  for  the  eight  months.  At  the 
end  of  that  time,  he  began  to  teach  school  himself. 
In  this  way,  he  paid  his  debt.  He  then  went  to  school 
the  next  year.  Then  he  taught  again.  He  would 
study  law  at  night  and  on  Saturdays.  ■  And  thus  he 
paid  his  way,  and  learned  all  he  could. 

He  later  went  to  Yale  University.  He  worked  so 
hard  that  he  had  the  best  lessons  in  his  class.  He  also 
had  time  to  hear  other  lectures.  He  was  studying 
law.  When  he  was  through  Yale,  he  became  a  lawyer. 
He  bought  a  farm,  and  then  he  was  a  farmer  too. 

It  is  said  that  Brown  was  one  day  in  his  field  tying 
wheat.  A  message  came  to  him  that  he  had  been 
made  a  candidate  for  Governor.  He  was  elected. 
He  was  Governor  during  the  Civil  War,  and  he  has 
been  called  the  "War  Governor." 


198       MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

Did  you  ever  think  of  calt  being  valuable  ?  Nowa- 
days, we  can  buy  a  pound  of  salt  for  five  cents.  While 
the  war  was  going  on,  a  pound  of  salt  would  sometimes 
cost  almost  a  pound  of  money.  There  was  not  much 
to  be  had  at  any  price. 

Some  men  bought  nearly  all  the  salt  in  Georgia. 
They  thought  the  people  would  have  to  buy  salt  from 
them.  They  were  going  to  sell  it  for  a  big  price.  In 
this  way,  they  were  going  to  make  a  great  deal  of 
money  for  themselves. 

But  Governor  Brown  found  out  their  plans.  He 
knew  that  he  had  been  made  Governor  to  take  care 
of  the  people.  He  knew  it  would  be  wrong  to  let 
these  men  sell  salt  to  the  people  at  such  high  prices, 
so  he  had  officers  to  seize  all  the  salt  that  could  be 
found.  He  also  said  that  no  salt  must  be  shipped 
out  of  the  state.  He  then  sold  salt  to  the  people 
at  prices  they  could  pay. 

He  did  so  much  for  the  people  of  the  state  that  it 
would  take  a  big  book  to  tell  all.  Brown  was  one  of 
Georgia's  best  and  noblest  men. 


A   MAN    WHO   ILLUSTRATED    GEORGIA 

You  must  know  that  our  country  is  made  up  of 
many  states.  Georgia  is  one  of  them.  For  many 
years  the  states  lived  in  the  Union  in  peace.  It  was 
almost  like  sisters  in  a  great  family. 

Then  the  states  of  the  North  and  the  states  of  the 
South  had  a  quarrel.  The  states  of  the  South  sepa- 
rated from  the  others,  and  made  a  government  for 
themselves.  It  was  called  the  Confederate  States. 
So  Georgia  was  one  of  the  Confederate  States. 

The  people  of  the  South  called  the  people  of  the 
North  Federals  or  "Yankees."  The  people  of  the 
North  called  the  people  of  the  South  Confederates  or 
"Rebels."  Thus  the  Georgia  people  were  Con- 
federates   or    Rebels. 

Then  the  two  governments  went  into  a  long,  bitter 
war.  It  was  called  the  Civil  War.  It  lasted  four 
years.  Twenty  thousand  men  went  to  this  war  from 
Georgia.  That  was  more  than  went  from  any  other 
southern  state. 

Francis  Bartow  lived  at  Savannah.    He  was  one  of 

the  brave  men  who  went  to  the  war  from  Georgia. 

.199 


200        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

He  was  given  the  command  of  a  brigade.  A  brigade 
is  made  up  of  two  or  more  regiments.  When  Bartow 
was  ready  to  set  out  to  the  war,  he  said,  "  I  go  to  illus- 
trate Georgia."  He  soon  led  his  brigade  to  Virginia. 
That  is  where  the  most  of  the  fighting  was. 

Bartow  and  his  men  were  in  almost  the  first  battle 
of  the  war.  In  a  great  charge,  the  flag  bearer  was 
shot.  He  was  badly  hurt  and  he  was  about  to  drop 
the  flag  to  the  ground.  Bartow  quickly  took  it  from 
him  and  led  the  men  to  the  charge. 

He  was  soon  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight.  A  bullet 
killed  his  horse.  Soon  a  great  cannon  ball  came 
roaring  and  tearing  along.  It  struck  Bartow  and 
mangled  his  foot  and  leg.  He  fell  from  his  horse. 
He  could  go  no  further,  but  he  did  not  give  up.  He 
leaned  against  a  fence  that  was  there.  He  could  not 
stand  alone.  He  waved  his  sword  and  urged  his 
men  to  battle.  He  knew  that  he  was  badly  hurt  and 
that  he  must  die.  Then  again  he  waved  his  sword 
and  shouted  to  his  men,  "  Boys  they  have  killed  me. 
But  you  must  never  give  it  up.  Forward!"  His 
men  did  not  give  up.  They  fought  bravely,  and  the 
battle  was  won. 

Thus  Bartow  died,  and  thus  did  he  illustrate 
Georgia  to  the  end.  Bartow  County  is  named  in  his 
honor. 


A  GEORGIA  GUN  MAKER 

Soon  after  the  Civil  War  began,  it  was  found  that 
the  South  was  not  ready  for  war.  The  men  were 
ready  to  fight,  but  they  could  get  not  nearly  enough 
guns.  Governor  Brown  could  get  not  even  shotguns 
enough  for  his  Georgia  soldiers.  He  wanted  mus- 
kets and  rifles  for  them. 

As  Governor  Brown  could  not  get  guns  enough,  he 
thought  he  would  arm  his  men  with  pikes.  A  pike 
is  a  long  stout  pole  with  a  sharp  steel  point.  The 
Governor  had  a  great  many  of  these  pikes  made  and 
gave  them  to  his  soldiers.  He  made  them  a  speech. 
He  said,  "If  the  Yankees  come  at  you,  jab  'em." 
But  the  pikes  were  never  used  in  battle. 

Then  the  Governor  thought  he  would  have  guns 
made  for  his  soldiers.  So  he  got  a  Mr.  Peck  in 
Atlanta  to  try  to  make  some  guns.  Mr.  Peck  had 
hard  work  to  make  them.  He  had  only  such  tools 
as  are  used  for  wood  work,  but  after  a  time,  he 
made  about  twenty-five  guns. 

The  barrels  of  these  guns  were  not  quite  three  feet 
long.     They  shot  bullets  one  inch  thick  and  over  two 


202        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

inches  long.  The  guns  were  very  heavy.  A  man 
could  not  easily  hold  one  out  and  shoot  it.  He  had 
to  have  a  forked  pole  to  rest  the  gun  on  when  he  went 
to  shoot  it.     The  guns  were  almost  like  small  cannon. 

After  the  guns  were  made,  Mr.  Peck  loaded  some 
of  them.  He  then  shot  them  to  see  if  they  were  good 
guns.  They  shot  well.  But  they  kicked  very  hard. 
They  would  almost  break  the  shoulder  of  the  man  who 
shot  them.  Some  one  said  they  liked  the  North  as 
well  as  they  did  the  South,  for  "every  time  they  shot 
a  Yankee,  they  kicked  a  Rebel  down." 

These  big  guns  were  not  used  in  the  war.  They 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  United  States  soldiers. 
Some  of  them  may  still  be  seen  in  Washington  City. 

Soon  a  great  many  rifles  and  muskets  were  taken 
in  battle.  With  these  the  soldiers  of  the  South  were 
armed. 


LEE'S   OLD  WAR  HORSE 

When  James  Longstreet  was  young,  he  went  to 
West  Point  to  learn  to  be  a  soldier.  He  did  not  like 
to  study  his  books.  He  liked  to  be  doing  some- 
thing else.  He  did  not  stand  very  high  in  his  class. 
At  West  Point  many  subjects  were  taught  that  he  did 
not  want  to  study.  He  could  not  see  what  use  a  sol- 
dier would  have  for  some  of  them.  He  would  study 
only  the  parts  of  the  book  that  he  liked. 

When  he  was  in  physics,  he  would  not  try  to  learn 
about  the  pulley.  He  skipped  it.  At  last  the  time 
came  for  an  examination.  Longstreet  did  not  think 
that  he  would  have  to  answer  any  questions  about  the 
pulley.  But  almost  all  the  questions  were  about  the 
pulley.  As  young  Longstreet  had  not  studied  that 
part  of  the  book,  he  failed  in  his  examination. . 

Then  the  teacher  gave  him  another  chance  to  stand 
the  examination.  He  began  to  study.  He  wanted 
to  be  sure  that  he  would  pass  this  time.  He  would 
study  the  pulley  day  and  night.  He  kept  on  study- 
ing it  almost  all  the  time.  Longstreet  learned  all 
he  could  about  the  pulley. 

303 


204        MAKERS   OF  GEORGIA'S   NAME  AND   FAME 

When  the  second  examination  came,  not  a  single 
question  was  about  the  pulley.  So  Longstreet  failed 
again.  But  after  a  time  there  was  another  examina- 
tion. The  questions  this  time  were  all  about  the 
pulley.  Longstreet  was  very  glad.  He  passed 
easily.  He  never  forgot  what  he  had  learned  about 
that  part  of  physics. 

In  the  Civil  War  he  was  a  Confederate.  He  be- 
came a  great  general.  Under  General  Robert  E. 
Lee,  he  fought  so  well  that  he  was  called  ''Lee's 
Old  War  Horse."  Once  Longstreet  was  sent  away 
from  General  Lee  to  fight  in  another  place.  General 
Lee  missed  him  very  much.  He  wrote  to  Longstreet, 
''I  want  you  badly.  You  cannot  get  back  to  me  too 
soon." 

After  the  war,  Longstreet  became  a  merchant: 
General  Lee  wrote  to  him  again.  He  wrote  this: 
"If  you  become  as  good  a  merchant  as  you  were  a 
soldier,  I  shall  be  content.  No  one  will  then  excel 
you." 

Longstreet  became  a  very  good  merchant,  but  he 
was  one  of  Georgia's  very  greatest  soldiers  and 
generals. 


THE  RACCOON  ROUGHS 

As  you  enter  the  Capitol  grounds  in  Atlanta,  on 
one  side  you  may  see  a  grand  monument.  There  is 
a  noble-looking  man  mounted  on  a  fine  large  horse. 
Both  are  made  of  bronze.  The  horse  stands  upon 
some  large  blocks  of  maxble  placed  one  upon  another. 
These  together  form  what  is  called  the  pedestal.  If 
you  look  with  care,  you  will  see  that  it  is  the  monu- 
ment of  General  John  B.  Gordon. 

When  the  Civil  War  began,  Gordon  was  not  a 
general.  He  was  in  business  for  himself.  He  lived 
near  where  Georgia,  Tennessee,  and  North  Caro- 
lina meet.  He  almost  lived  in  three  states,  but  we 
are  glad  that  his  home  was  in  Georgia. 

He  left  his  business  to  go  to  the  war.  He  raised 
a  company  of  men  from  the  mountains.  These  men 
were  very  eager  to  go  to  the  war.  They  wanted  to 
ride  horses  and  be  cavalry  soldiers,  but  a  message 
came  that  no  more  cavalry  was  needed,  so  then  they 
thought  that  they  would  go  as  foot  soldiers. 

When  they  reached  Atlanta,  they  were  a  strange 

looking  company.    They  had  no  uniforms.    No  two 

205 


GORDON'S  MONUMENT  ON  CAPITOL  GROUNDS  IN  ATLANTA 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        207 

were  dressed  alike.  The  only  thing  they  wore  alike 
were  their  coonskin  caps  with  the  tails  for  plumes. 
These  plumes  floated  out  from  the  top  of  their  caps, 
and  looked  very  queer. 

As  they  marched  down  the  streets  of  Atlanta,  they 
were  the  wonder  of  all.  Gordon  was  their  captain. 
Some  one  asked  him  the  name  of  his  company.  No 
name  had  been  given  it  at  that  time.  Gordon  at 
once  thought  that  "Mountain  Rifles"  would  be  a 
good  name,  so  he  said  that  his  company  was  the 
Mountain  Rifles. 

One  of  the  soldiers  did  not  like  this  name.  "No," 
said  he  loudly,  "we  are  not  Mountain  Rifles.  We  are 
Raccoon  Roughs."  The  people  on  the  streets 
laughed.  They  liked  this  name.  All  through  the 
war,  Gordon's  mountain  men  were  called  Raccoon 
Roughs. 

Before  Gordon  could  get  his  Raccoon  Roughs 
away  from  Atlanta,  he  found  out  that  not  even  foot 
soldiers  were  now  needed.  Then  Gordon's  men  were 
to  be  carried  back  home.  They  did  not  know  that 
they  were  on  their  way  home.  When  they  got  on  the 
train  they  found  this  out.  They  had  made  up  their 
minds  that  they  would  go  to  war,  so  when  the  train 
started,  they  got  off  and  stopped  it. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME        209 

Then  the  Governor  let  them  go  to  Virginia  to  fight. 
They  fought  with  General  Gordon  all  through  the 
war.  They  were  brave  soldiers.  The  Raccoon 
Roughs  never  failed. 

At  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg,  Gordon  and  his  Rac- 
coon Roughs  fought  very  bravely.  Gordon  had  now 
become  a  general.  He  was  shot  four  times  in  this 
battle.  Still  he  would  not  give  up.  At  last  a  bullet 
was  shot  through  his  head.     Then  he  fell  on  his  face. 

His  men  thought  he  was  dead.  They  had  to  leave 
him.  They  could  not  stop  fighting.  As  Gordon 
fell,  his  cap  slipped  over  his  face,  but  he  was  not 
dead.  Blood  from  his  head  ran  into  his  cap.  It  was 
about  to  smother  him.  He  could  not  move.  A 
bullet  hole  in  his  cap  let  the  blood  out.  Later  he 
was  found  and  cared  for.    Thus  his  life  was  saved. 

Gordon  became  a  United  States  Senator  from 
Georgia.    He  was  also  once  Governor  of  our  state. 


ALFRED  H.  COLQUITT 


A    GEORGIAN    GREAT    IN    MANY    WAYS 

Alfred  H.  Colquitt  was  a  great  man  in  more  than 
one  way.  Some  men  are  great  soldiers.  Some  are 
great  lawyers.  Others  are  great  law-makers.  Still 
others  are  great  preachers.  Colquitt  was  great  in 
all  these  ways.     He  was  also  a  good  Judge. 

Some  ladies  were  once  talking  about  great  men. 
One  of  them  did  not  say  much  for  a  time.  She  lis- 
tened to  the  others.  At  last  she  said  that  Colquitt 
was  the  greatest  man  of  whom  she  ever  knew.  She 
said  that  Colquitt  had  once  held  court,  tried  a  man 
for  murder,  sentenced  him  to  be  hung,  made  a  big 
speech,  preached  a  sermon,  married  two  couples, 
and  held  a  prayer-meeting,  all  in  one  day.  "Now, 
wasn't  that  great!"  she  said. 

Colquitt  was  a  general  in  the  Civil  War.  He 
fought  at  Olustee  in  Florida.  He  won,  and  he  thus 
saved  that  state  from  being  overrun  by  the  Federals. 

When  Colquitt  and  his  men  were  on  their  way  to 
this  battle,  they  came  to  Madison  in  Florida.  They 
were  going  on  trains.     In  Colquitt's  army  was  a  boy 


212        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

soldier.  He  had  worn  out  his  shoes.  He  could  not 
get  any  more.  His  feet  were  bare.  The  weather 
was  very  cold.  The  young  soldier's  feet  were  sore 
and  bleeding,  but  he  would  not  leave  the  army 
He  had  made  up  his  mind  to  go  on  to  the  battle. 

Some  ladies  at  Madison  brought  food  for  the  sol- 
diers. When  these  ladies  saw  this  soldier  boy,  with 
his  bare,  sore  feet,  they  were  very  sorry  for  him.  One 
of  the  young  ladies  offered  to  give  him  her  shoes.  He 
did  not  wish  to  take  the  shoes  and  leave  her  without, 
but  she  made  him  take  them.  She  went  home  with- 
out shoes,  but  the  boy  went  on  and  fought  with  General 
Colquitt's  army  at  Olustee. 

Which  do  you  think  the  nobler:  the  young  lady 
who  gave  up  her  shoes,  or  the  young  soldier  who 
would  fight  his  country's  battles,  shoes  or  no  shoes  ? 

After  the  war,  Colquitt  was  Governor  of  Georgia. 
He  was  also  United  States  Senator. 

Colquitt  County  is  not  named  for  him,  but  for 
Walter  T.  Colquitt,  another  United  States  Senator 
from  Georgia. 


THE   GENERAL  WITH  A  PAPER   OF  PINS 

In  the  Civil  War,  the  Federals  were  always  trying 
to  take  Richmond,  the  Capital  of  the  Confederacy. 
The  Confederates  often  tried  to  take  Washington, 
the  Capital  of  the  United  States. 

Once  when  the  Confederates  tried  to  take  Washing- 
ton, a  battle  was  fought  at  Monocacy  in  Maryland. 
The  Confederates  won  the  victory,  but  they  did 
not  take  Washington.  There  were  too  many  Fed- 
erals around  the  city. 

General  Clement  Evans  of  Georgia  was  in  this 
battle.  At  the  head  of  his  brigade,  he  bravely  led 
a  charge.  He  happened  to  have  a  paper  of  pins  in 
the  breast  pocket  of  his  coat.  As  he  rode  to  the  front 
a  bullet  struck  him.  It  struck  the  paper  of  pins. 
The  bullet  tore  into  the  flesh.  It  carried  the  pins 
with  it.    His  breast  was  almost  full  of  pins. 

A  surgeon  cut  the  bullet  out.     He  got  all  the  pins 

out  that  he  could,  but  he  could  not  get  all  of  them. 

Afterward  they  would  come  out  themselves.     Every 

few  days  General  Evans  would  feel  the  point  of  a  pin 

213 


214        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

sticking  out  of  his  flesh.  Then  he  would  get  it  out. 
The  pins  kept  coming  out  for  a  long  time.  It  was 
almost  as  if  he  had  been  a  pin -cushion. 

General  Evans  got  well  and  lived  to  be  a  great  help 
to  the  people  of  Georgia,  They  have  honored  him 
with  more  than  one  high  office. 


GRAY  ALICE 

Gray  Alice  was  a  beautiful  horse.  She  was  kind 
and  gentle.  She  was  General  Robert  Toombs' 
horse.  He  rode  her  while  he  was  in  the  Civil  War. 
She  took  him  through  several  battles.  Her  master 
loved  her  very  much. 

General  Toombs  lived  at  Washington  in  Wilkes 
County.  After  the  war  was  over,  he  went  to  his 
home  there.  The  officers  of  the  United  States 
thought  it  would  be  best  to  arrest  him  and  keep  him 
shut  up  in  prison  for  a  time. 

So  a  number  of  soldiers  were  sent  to  his  house  for 

him.     They    knocked    on    his    front    door.     Mrs. 

Toombs  went  to  the  door.     They  asked  her  if  General 

Toombs  was  at  home.     She  said  that  he  was  not  at 

home.     He  was  not.     He  had  left  by  the  back  door 

when  they  had  knocked  on  the  front  door.     He  had 

no  wish  to  be  shut  up  in  a  cold,  dark,  damp  prison. 

Mrs.  Toombs  kept  on  talking  to  the  soldiers.     She 

wanted  to  give  Toombs  time  to  get  as  far  as  he  could. 

She  would  not  tell  where  he  was. 

At  last  the  officer  in  command  of  the  soldiers  be- 

215 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME       217 

came  angry.  He  said  if  she  did  not  bring  Toombs 
out  to  him,  he  would  bum  the  house.  She  said,  "  Very 
well,  bum  it,"  but  the  soldiers  did  not  bum  the 
house.  They  began  to  search  for  Toombs.  They 
did  not  find  him,  and  soon  left  the  place. 

Toombs  had  a  young  friend  whose  name  was  Irvin. 
He  had  been  watching  while  the  soldiers  were  at 
Toombs'  house.  Irvin  saw  Toombs  leave  the  house 
and  go  across  the  fields.  He  knew  the  general  would 
need  his  horse;  so,  as  soon  as  he  could,  Irwin  slipped 
to  the  stable.  He  put  a  bridle  and  a  saddle  on  Gray 
Alice.  He  then  led  her  across  the  fields  and  woods 
to  her  master. 

How  glad  Toombs  was  to  have  the  faithful  Gray 
Alice!  She  had  home  him  well  in  battle,  amid 
whistling  shot  and  screeching  shell.  He  now  knew 
she  would  take  him  to  safety.  He  sprang  upon 
her  back  and  rode  away.  He  went  from  place 
to  place  for  six  months.  He  was  keeping  away  from 
the  Federal  soldiers.  They  were  always  looking  for 
him  everywhere. 

After  a  long  time  he  went  out  of  Georgia  into 
Alabama.  There  Gray  Alice  was  left  to  be  cared 
for.  Toombs  made  his  way  to  Europe,  where  he 
stayed  till  all  danger  was  over.     You  may  be  sure 


2i8        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

that  Gray  Alice  was  always  loved  and  cared  for  by 
Toombs. 

Toombs  was  sent  to  the  United  States  Congress. 
Then  he  was  a  Senator.  He  was  made  Secretary  of 
State  of  the  Confederacy.  He  was  one  of  Georgia's 
greatest  men. 

A  county  is  called  Toombs  after  him. 


THE   SOLDIER    WHO    CARRIED    A    BOOK 

Charles  F.  Crisp  was  about  sixteen  years  old  whea 
the  great  Civil  War  began.  Charles  went  to  the  war 
and  became  one  of  "Stonewall"  Jackson's  soldiers. 
He  was  a  very  young  one,  but  he  fought  well  and 
bravely,  and  was  soon  made  a  lieutenant.  He 
was  very  proud  of  the  office  and  the  bright  straps  that 
he  wore. 

Crisp  had  never  been  to  college.  He  had  only  been 
to  the  common  schools.  He  did  not  know  as  much 
as  he  wanted  to  know,  so  the  young  soldier  got  some 
books.  He  carried  them  in  his  knapsack.  This  is 
a  sort  of  bag  that  the  soldiers  carried.  It  is  used  to 
carry  food  and  other  things  the  soldiers  may  need. 

At  night,  the  other  soldiers  would  play  games, 
smoke,  and  tell  stories.  But  Charles  would  seat  him- 
self by  the  camp  fire  and  take  out  his  books.  Then 
he  would  read  and  study.  In  this  way  he  learned  a 
great  deal. 

As  soon  as  the  war  was  over,  he  began  to  study 
law.    In  one  year  he  learned  enough  to  be  a  lawyer. 

219 


290        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

He  soon  became  a  good  one.  Then  he  was  Colonel 
Crisp. 

Next  he  became  a  judge.  Then  he  went  to  Con- 
gress. There  he  was  made  Speaker  of  the  Congress. 
This  is  a  very  high  office.  Crisp  performed  its  duties 
well.  He  was  liked  by  the  people  of  the  whole  United 
States. 

We  have  a  fine  county  named  in  his  honor. 


A   FAIR  CONFEDERATE 

General  Sherman  fought  on  the  Federal  side. 
When  the  war  was  nearly  over,  he  led  a  great  army 
into  Georgia. 

General  Joseph  Johnston  was  a  Confederate.  He 
was  at  Dalton,  in  Georgia,  to  try  to  check  General 
Sherman. 

Mary  Gay  was  a  young  woman  who  lived  at  De- 
catur with  her  mother  and  brother.  This  brother 
was  one  of  General  Johnston's  soldiers.  He  and 
some  of  his  soldier  friends  were  afraid  they  might 
lose  their  overcoats  and  blankets.  Such  things  were 
often  lost  in  the  marches  and  fights. 

So  this  young  man  wrote  to  his  sister  Mary  at 
Decatur.  He  asked  if  she  could  not  take  care  of 
the  overcoats  and  blankets  for  him  and  his  friends. 
Mary  wrote  back  to  her  brother  that  she  would  do 
her  best  to  take  care  of  them. 

And  so  the  things  were  sent  to  her.  She  put  them 
in  the  dining-room.  The  doors  and  windows  of  the 
room  were  closed.  The  coats  and  blankets  were 
kept  there  for  some  weeks. 

221 


222        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

At  last  the  Confederates  had  to  leave  Dalton. 
General  Sherman  forced  them  back,  back,  till  they 
were  in  Atlanta.  Then  Sherman  took  Atlanta. 
After  that  the  Federal  soldiers  swarmed  everywhere. 
They  went  into  houses  and  took  whatever  they  wanted. 
The  Federals  were  all  about  Decatur.  Many  were 
camped  about  the  house  where  Mary  and  her  mother 
lived. 

Now  the  overcoats  and  blankets  were  no  longer 
safe.  Mary  feared  the  Federal  soldiers  would  get 
them.  What  was  she  to  do?  This  is  what  she  did. 
When  night  came,  she  got  a  negro  girl  to  help  her. 
They  went  into  the  dining-room.  They  dragged  a 
tall  wardrobe  to  the  middle  of  the  room,  Mary 
climbed  upon  the  top  of  it.  Then  with  a  hatchet 
she  broke  the  plaster  off  the  ceiling  above  her  head. 
She  pulled  off  the  slats  and  made  a  big  hole.  Then 
the  negro  girl  handed  her  the  coats  and  blankets, 
and  Mary  put  them  up  through  the  hole.  When 
all  had  been  put  up,  Mary  nailed  back  the  slats. 

Mary  then  got  down  from  the  top  of  the  wardrobe 
and  pulled  it  back  to  its  old  place.  They  took  up 
all  the  plaster  that  had  fallen  and  swept  the  floor 
clean.  No  one  would  ever  think  there  was  anything 
hidden  in  the  room. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME         223 

The  Federal  soldiers  went  all  through  the  house 
from  time  to  time.  But  they  did  not  find  out  that 
the  clothes  were  there.  No  doubt  they  would  have 
had  great  fun  pulling  them  down  if  they  had  found 
them. 

After  a  while  the  young  Confederates  and  his 
friends  were  in  need  of  their  coats  and  blankets. 
Then  Mary  and  the  girl  got  them  down  one  night. 
She  had  them  taken  to  their  owners. 

Nearly  everything  about  Atlanta  and  Decatur  had 
been  burned.  The  young  Confederate  and  his 
friends  could  hardly  believe  their  coats  and  blankets 
were  safe.  They  had  to  see  them  first.  When  they 
saw  them,  they  were  very  glad.  Then  they  all  gave 
Mary  three  loud  cheers. 

Mary  afterward  wrote  a  good  book  about  the  war 
It  is  called  "Life  in  Dixie." 


"IT  WILL   BE   HELD   TO   THE   LAST" 

As  a  little  boy,  Thomas  Cobb  liked  to  be  moving 
about.  He  could  not  well  keep  still.  He  wanted  to 
have  all  the  fun  he  could. 

A  good  old  lady  lived  in  the  family.  They  called 
her  "Aunt  Thornton."  She  did  not  like  the  noise 
that  Thomas  made,  so  she  would  try  to  keep  him 
busy.  She  said  if  he  were  at  some  useful  task,  he 
would  not  get  into  mischief. 

When  she  could  not  find  other  work  for  Thomas, 
she  would  teach  him  how  to  sew.  She  would  thread 
his  needle,  and  give  him  a  piece  of  cloth.  Then  she 
would  show  him  how  to  sew. 

Thomas  did  not  like  this.     He  thought  that  it  was 

work  for  girls.     Besides,  he  wanted  to  be  at  play. 

But  Aunt  Thornton  would  not  let  him  go.     She 

thought  it  better  for  him  to  sew.     Sometimes  when  he 

was  very  tired,  Thomas  would  break  the  eye  of  the 

needle.    Aunt    Thornton    would    fix    him  another. 

Thomas  would  soon  break  it  also.     I  do  not  know 

what  Aunt  Thornton  would  do  next.     But  at  last 

Thomas  would  go  to  play. 

a24 


MAKERS   OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        225 

Thomas  grew  up  to  be  a  fine,  strong  man.  He  was 
a  good  man.  He  became  a  lawyer.  He  owned  a 
very  fine  library.  In  it  were  books  in  many  lan- 
guages. He  could  read  them  all.  He  made  a  book 
that  is  very  useful  to  Georgia  lawyers.  It  is  called 
"Digest  of  Laws  of  Georgia." 

In  the  war,  he  was  a  general.  He  was  known  as 
General  Thomas  R.  R.  Cobb.  He  raised  a  body  of 
soldiers  and  commanded  them.  This  body  of  troops 
was  called  "Cobb's  Legion." 

General  Cobb's  men  loved  him.  Under  him,  they 
would  fight  bravely  to  win.  He  was  very  kind  to 
them.  He  would  sometimes  walk  through  the  mud 
and  snow  for  days  at  a  time.  He  did  this  so  that  some 
sick  soldier  might  have  his  horse  to  ride.  He  would 
make  his  officers  do  the  same  thing. 

In  one  great  battle,  it  was  General  Cobb's  duty  to 
hold  a  breast-work  on  the  side  of  the  hill.  With  him 
was  his  brave  Legion.  The  Federals  began  to  rush 
up  the  hill.  Zip!  zip!  zip!  came  the  bullets,  and 
boom!  boom!  the  shells.  Cobb's  men  lay  close  in 
their  breastworks,  while  their  own  bullets  hissed  and 
hummed.  They  held  their  ground.  If  Cobb  and 
his  men  could  keep  this  place,  the  Confederates  could 
gain  the  victory. 


236        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

There  were  many  hundreds  of  the  Federals.  Gen- 
eral Lee  was  afraid  Cobb  would  have  to  lead  his 
Legion  away.  So  he  sent  Cobb  word  to  hold  the 
place  if  he  could.  General  Cobb  sent  back  the  mes- 
sage, "It  will  be  held  to  the  last." 

The  Federals  made  a  great  charge.  But  Cobb's 
Legion  drove  them  back.  Then  the  Federals  made 
another  charge.  The  Legion  again  drove  them 
back.  And  so  the  Federals  charged  six  times,  and 
six  times  Cobb's  Legion  drove  them  back.  At  last 
the  Confederates  won  the  victory. 

But  war  is  full  of  horror.  General  Cobb  was 
himself  killed  in  this  battle.  His  men  were  then 
very  sad.  Each  felt  almost  as  if  his  own  father  had 
been  kiljed. 

Several  great  Georgians  have  borne  the  name  of 
Cobb.  The  Cobbs  have  done  much  for  the  state. 
Cobb  County  is  named  for  John  Cobb. 


MEMORIAL  DAY 

Mrs.   Mary  Ann   Williams  was  a  kind,  tender- 
hearted woman.     In  the  time  of  the  war,  her  home 
1^        was  at   Columbus. 

She  felt  very  sorry  for  the  hungry  soldiers  in  the 
Confederate  army.  The  government  could  not  al- 
ways give  the  soldiers  enough  to  eat.  Often  a  soldier 
would  start  home  from  Virginia.  He  would  get  very 
hungry.  On  the  train  it  was  harder  than  ever  to  get 
something  to  eat.  Sometimes  the  poor  soldiers  would 
almost  starve. 

Mrs.  Williams  wanted  to  do  something  for  them. 
She  asked  some  other  ladies  to  help  her.  At  the 
stations  on  the  railroad,  they  had  "Wayside  Homes." 
These  homes  were  simply  the  stations  where  the 
trains  would  stop.  The  ladies  would  know  when  a 
soldier  train  was  coming.  Then  they  would  get 
people  to  cook  and  give  food.  They  would  take  great 
baskets  of  this  food  to  the  Wayside  Homes.  When  a 
train-load  of  soldiers  came,  the  train  stopped.  The 
ladies  made  the  hungry  men  welcome,  and  saw  that 
each  one  had  all  he  could  eat.  This  was  a  great  help 
to  the  soldiers. 

227 


228        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

Mrs.  Williams'  husband  was  a  colonel  in  the 
Confederate  Army.  He  died  in  the  war.  He  was 
buried  at  Columbus. 

One  bright  spring  day,  about  a  year  after  the  end 
of  the  war.  Mrs.  Williams  and  her  little  girl  went  to 
put  flowers  on  his  grave.  There  were  flowers  in 
plenty.    They  almost  covered  his  grave  with  them. 

Near  Colonel  Williams'  grave  were  the  graves  of 
a  great  many  other  Confederate  soldiers.  At  last 
the  little  girl  thought  that  she  would  like  to  put  some 
flowers  on  their  graves,  too.  She  asked  her  mother 
if  she  might  not  put  flowers  on  their  graves.  Her 
mother  agreed.  Then  together  they  put  flowers  on,  as 
many  as  they  could. 

Mrs.  Williams  then  thought  that  it  would  be  a 
good  thing  to  j)ut  flowers  on  all  soldiers'  graves  once 
every  year.  She  began  to  urge  people  to  set  aside 
a  day  to  do  this.  At  last  the  twenty-sixth  of  April  was 
settled  upon  as  the  day  for  Georgia.  This  was  be- 
cause flowers  are  so  plentiful  in  April.  And  thus  we 
have  Memorial  Day.  Now,  all  over  the  South, 
thousands  of  children  place  millions  of  beautiful, 
sweet  flowers  on  the  brave  soldiers'  graves,  once  every 
year. 


A  PEACE  MAKER 

When  Henry  Grady  was  about  two  years  old,  a 
little  negro  boy,  named  Isaac,  took  care  of  him.  Isaac 
loved  Henry,  and  Henry  loved  Isaac.  As  soon  as 
Henry  could  talk,  he  would  call  the  little  negro 
"Brother  Isaac."  They  told  Henry  that  Isaac  was 
not  his  brother.  Then  Henry  cried.  He  kept  on 
calling  him  Brother  Isaac. 

Henry  always  thought  of  the  comfort  of  others. 
He  liked  to  know  that  others  were  not  hungry  or  cold. 
Often  on  winter  nights,  he  would  wake  and  hear  the 
wind  blowing.  He  would  call  his  mother,  and  say, 
"Do  you  think  the  servants  have  enough  cover? 
It  is  so  cold,  and  I  want  them  to  be  warm." 

Nearly  every  day,  he  would  find  some  one  he  wanted 
to  help.  Often  some  ragged  boy  or  other  would 
bring  a  note  to  Mrs.  Grady  that  Henry  had  given  him. 
This  is  what  would  be  in  the  note: 

"Dear  Mother, 

"  Please  give  this  boy  something  to  eat.  He  looks 
so  hungry. 

"H.  W.  Grady." 
229 


230        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

The  boy  would  get  something  to  eat. 

Henry  went  to  a  queer  school.  The  teacher  was 
a  lady.  She  could  not  hear  well,  so  all  the  pupils 
studied  out  loud.  It  was  almost  like  an  Arab 
school.  This  lady  taught  her  pupils  well,  and  more 
than  one  of  them  became  great  men. 

Henry  read  many  books.  It  was  said  he  knew 
more  and  had  read  more  than  any  boy  about  Athens. 


!.'«fa  \*%  pSk  ytii  \m*  \ 


i  E  i  I;    LI. 


THE  GRADY   HOSPITAL,   ATLANTA 

That  was  where  he  lived.  He  liked  best  to  read  the 
stories  and  deeds  of  olden  times. 

For  a  long  time  after  the  Civil  War  ended,  the 
people  of  the  North  and  the  people  of  the  South  did 
not  love  each  other.  Both  sides  had  suffered  a  great 
deal  in  the  war.     It  was  not  easy  to  forget. 

When  Grady  was  a  man,  he  wrote  and  spoke  well. 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND   FAME        231 

He  did  all  he  could  to  make  the  two  sections  under- 
stand each  other  better.  He  made  great  speeches. 
He  urged  them  to  forget  their  hate  and  to  love  one 
another.  It  is  said  that  he  did  more  in  this  way  than 
anyone  else. 

There  are  two  great  monuments  to  Grady  in 
Atlanta.  One  is  of  bronze.  It  shows  how  he  used 
to  look.  The  other  is  the  Grady  Hospital,  where 
thousands  of  poor  sick  people  are  cared  for  every 
year. 

A  county  is  named  Grady  after  him. 


THE   BOY   WITH   WILLING   HANDS 

One  day  an  editor  said  he  needed  a  boy.  He 
wanted  the  boy  to  set  type  and  to  help  him  print  his 
paper.  He  said  that  he  wanted  a  boy  with  "willing 
hands." 

Not  far  away  there  lived  a  boy  whose  name  was 
Joel  Chandler  Harris.  This  boy  could  read  and 
write  before  he  was  six  years  old.  His  mother  would 
often  tell  him  stories.  Then  he  thought  he  would  like 
to  write  some  stories  himself. 

But  his  people  were  poor.     He  made  up  his  mind 

that  he  would  help  make  a  living.     He  did  not  have 

time  to  write  any  stories.     When  he  heard  that  a  boy 

was  wanted,  he  thought  he  would  try  to  get  the  place. 

He  did  not  tell  anyone  his  plans.     He  went  at  once 

to  the  editor,  and  told  him  what  he  had  come  for. 

The    editor    hired    him.    The    boy    had    "willing 

hands."     He  did  his  work  so  well  that  he  and  the 

editor  were  soon  the  best  of  friends.     Joel  gave  the 

money  he  made  to  his  mother. 

The  editor  had  a  large  library  of  choice  books. 
232 


MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME        233 

He  said  to  Joel:  "You  may  read  in  my  library  when- 
ever you  have  time."  Joel  was  very  glad  of  this 
chance  to  read.  He  would  finish  his  work  and  then 
hurry  into  the  library.  There  he  would  read  for 
hours  at  a  time.  In  this  way  he  stored  his  mind  and 
learned  to  love  good  books.  He  had  a  willing  mind, 
too. 

Joel  wanted  to  write  something  to  put  in  the  paper 
himself,  but  he  thought  that  the  editor  might  not 
like  to  put  anything  in  the  paper  that  a  boy  wrote. 
At  last  he  wrote  an  article  and  did  not  sign  his  name 
to  it.  He  then  put  it  where  the  editor  would  find  it. 
The  editor  liked  it  and  put  it  in  his  paper.  Then 
Joel  wrote  more  for  the  paper. 

This  paper  was  not  printed  in  a  big  city.  It  was 
printed  on  a  large  plantation.  Over  this  plantation, 
Joel  roamed  far  and  wide.  He  learned  all  the  paths 
and  roads.  He  knew  where  to  find  birds  and  squir- 
rels, and  where  to  catch  a  fine  string  of  fish.  He 
knew  every  nook  and  comer  where  berries,  nuts, 
or  fruits  were  to  be  found. 

Next  to  the  editor  and  the  books,  Joel  liked  the 
negroes  on  the  place.  They  liked  him.  They  would 
tell  him  stories  of  Brother  Rabbit  and  Brother  Fox 
and  all  the  rest  of  the  four-legged  tribe. 


234        MAKERS  OF   GEORGIA'S   NAME  AND   FAME 

When  Joel  Ixicame  a  man,  he  wrote  for  a  big  daily 
newspaper  in  the  city  of  Atlanta.  One  day  he  wrote 
one  of  the  stories  that  the  negroes  had  told  him  when 
he  was  a  boy.  It  was  printed  in  the  paper.  Thou- 
sands of  people  read  the  story  and  liked  it.  They 
begged  him  to  write  more  of  them.  He  wrote  others 
and  yet  others.  Then  he  became  "Uncle  Remus." 
He  made  book  after  book  of  stories  that  are  read  all 
over  the  world. 

Uncle  Remus  was  one  of  the  best  and  happiest  of 
men.  He  liked  to  make  others  happy.  He  was 
loved  everywhere.  And  now  you  have  read  the  story 
of  a  boy  with  willing  hands  who  became  a  man  with 
willing  mind  and  heart. 


GEORGIA 

Fair  Georgia,  Empire  State  of  the  South, 

From  Chattahoochee's  source  to  mouth; 

From  Alabama's  dimpled  dells 

To  where  old  Ebenezer  dwells ; 

From  Lookout's  steep  and  rugged  sides 

To  Brunswick  harbor's  ocean  tides. 

My  heart  for  thee  in  fulsome  rapture  beats 

As  mount  and  dale  and  sea  the  scene  completes. 

The  Coves  of  Gilmer  glow  with  com. 
And  peaches  pink  fair  Pike  adorn. 
Ten  thousand  hills  in  fleecy  white 
Proclaim  King  Cotton's  wondrous  might. 
Thy  pecan  groves  and  melon  fields 
A  rich  and  bounteous  harvest  yields. 
Thy  marshy  stretches  give  us  pearly  rice, 
Abundant  harvests  all  our  needs  suffice. 

Thy  annals  are  replete  with  fame  — 
A  thousand  sons  with  glorious  name  — 
From  Oglethorpe,  the  pioneer, 

235 


236        MAKERS  OF  GEORGIA'S  NAME  AND  FAME 

To  Alek  Stephens  ever  dear; 

Brave  Gordon,  Toombs,  and  brilliant  Crisp  — 

Fair  names  our  little  children  lisp. 

What  realm  can  boast  of  nobler,  greater  men, 

In  columned  halls  or  distant  mountain  glen  ? 

Thy  people  great  with  hearts  of  gold. 
Thy  manhood  true  with  courage  bold, 
Thy  womanhood  the  best  on  earth, 
And  beauteous  children  round  the  hearth. 
LeConte,  Lanier,  thy  scholars  great. 
What  realm  can  be  thy  matchless  mate  ? 
Thou  diadem  of  all  the  states,  my  Georgia  dear. 
Where  hearts  are  ever  glad  and  Heaven  near. 

—  H  J.  Gaertner 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  LOS  ANGELES 

THE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 

This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below 


^^^  ^t  1947 


\ 

AN 


VED 

DESK 


P.M 

2)3I4'5I6 


JAM 

A.M. 

7  le!  911011 


UK 


Form  L-B 
2:im-:/«(M03) 


URt 


rece:  I  VED 

*'^!AIMLCAN  DESK 


11121 


4  196S 

I|2i3'4'6j  '^ 


RECDUMJIBt 


UNIVERSITY  of  CALIFORNIA 

AT 


I  r^ 


